Lecture 3 - How Can I Help

Question 1

Design Rationale

Answer 1

An explicit documentation of the design decisions with the reasons behind these decisions.

Providing an argumentation-based structure to key design problems as a means to record and communicate the argumentation and reasoning behind the design process:

• the reasons and argumentation behind a design decision
• its justification
• possible alternatives considered
• the trade-offs evaluated

When the reasons, argumentation and justification refer explicitly to theories, the design rationale can be viewed as a specification of multi-disciplinary theory, guiding scientific research.

By explicitly referring to the use cases, the design rationale (and its underlying theory) is situated.

Question 2

The sCE Methodology

Answer 2

sCE: situated Cognitive Engineering

Collaborative process of multi-disciplinary team: address human factors, technical and operation issues (incl. statutory or legislative, and political).

Active involvement of stakeholders: understand end-users’ support needs, and enhance user acceptance.

Iterative and incremental development of core functions, starting with the highest “benefits-costs trade-offs”, and providing increasingly more “intelligent” support and assistance.

Focused refinement of core functions and design rationale.

Coherent specification, integrating both task definitions and user interface definitions.

Question 3

Hybrid Intelligence Develops by…

Answer 3

Developing theories, models and methods for the co-evolution of humans, robots and agents as a joint normative socio-cognitive system.

Harmonizing the interdependent social, cognitive, and affective processes for performance and well-being.

Question 4

Stakeholders ‘ Values

Answer 4

Stakeholders:

• direct: refer to individuals who interact directly with the technology
• indirect: refer to other indivduals who are otherwise affected by the use of the technology

Values:
- “The principles or standards of a person or society, the personal or societal judgement of what is valuable and important in life”

Question 5

Value Stories

Answer 5

Requirements Engineering makes use of user stories to capture requirements in natural language

User Story:
- as a I want so that

Value Story:
- as a I want to support

Question 6

Common Situated Objectives

Answer 6

Collaborative objective selection for motivation and learning

An objective consists of:

• achievement
• goal
• task

Progress:
- tasks -> goals -> achievement

Question 7

Shared Knowledge Base

Answer 7

Ontology:

• formal representation of inter-related domain and Human Factors concepts
• it can be shared by humans and agents for collaboration

Question 8

Adaptive Policies for Collaboration

Answer 8

Policies:
- formal specifications of permissions, prohibitions and obligations for agent’s behavior
+ to constrain agent’s behavior to norms
+ to construct and govern agreements

Question 9

Uptake and Learning by Explanation

Answer 9

Explaining why to do specific tasks

• Goal-based explanation
• Emotion-based explanation

Question 10

Socio-Cognitive Engineering

Answer 10

• Iterative incremental process
• Theory and empirical driven
• Combined operational domain, human factors and technology perspective
• Stakeholder involvement in design and test activities
• Producing reusable design specifications and implementations