Lecture 3 - Historical Geography of Canada Flashcards
What influenced immigration in Canada’s history?
It’s physical geography
What were two routes into Canada?
- Interior
2. Coastal
What ice-sheet beings to retreat?
Wisconsin Ice Sheet
What resulted over Canada as ice sheets melted?
Easier to find food and migrate
Came from Siberia over Beringia Ice bridge
Beginning of first people
What are the culture regions of indigenous people?
Northwest Coast, Plateau, Plains, Western Subarctic, Arctic, Eastern Subarctic, Eastern Woodlands
What made indigenous peoples boundaries?
Not based on political boundaries but on bio landscape and survival aspects
When did people maybe arrive?
40,000 - 35,000
When did people arrive?
15,000 when ice sheets receded
Who were the second people to arrive?
Colonization of British and French
The British and French example of what?
Language faultline
When was Quebec City founded?
1608 by Samuel De Champlain
What was important of St. Lawerence River?
Trade fish, fur (beaver and otter pelts)
When was British immigration - American Revolution
1775-1783
European settlement started extracting what?
resources such as cod over 5000 years ago
Who were the third people to arrive?
Central Europeans, Scandinavians, Russians, they were land hungry peasants accustomed to similar climates
Who was the minister to encourage immigration?
Clifford Sifton
What was Clifford Sifton’s problem with immigration?
Large indigenous population and cold climate
What drew people to BC?
Gold rush 1858
When was California’s gold rush
1848
Who and how many migrated north during gold rush?
Chinese and migrant workers, roughly 30,000
When was Canada confederation?
1867
Which province was last to join Canada
Newfoundland
What were the two trading companies
North West Company and Hudson Bay Company
What did the Great Canadian Railway do?
- Link the west with the rest of Canada
- To settle Canadian prairies
- To provide an export route for prairie grain
- To create a market in the west for eastern Canadians
Which Prime Minister in charge of Railway
Macdonald
Example of Centralist/Decentralist faultline
Newfoundland, far away from everyone, unimportant
Example of modern treaties
giving control of lands to First Nations
What are trends of western Canada population
current day Asian immigrants, change cultural landscape
Canada population is?
38 million, still small relative to physical size
What were some French/English Faultlines
- Britain and French Colonization
- Treaty of Paris (1763)
- Quebec Act (1774) - give French Canadians religious freedom and land holding
- Separatism - 1975 referendum 51% stay in Canada
- Two visions
