Lecture 3 - Historical Geography of Canada

Question 1

What influenced immigration in Canada’s history?

Answer 1

It’s physical geography

Question 2

What were two routes into Canada?

Answer 2

1. Interior

2. Coastal

Question 3

What ice-sheet beings to retreat?

Answer 3

Wisconsin Ice Sheet

Question 4

What resulted over Canada as ice sheets melted?

Answer 4

Easier to find food and migrate
Came from Siberia over Beringia Ice bridge
Beginning of first people

Question 5

What are the culture regions of indigenous people?

Answer 5

Northwest Coast, Plateau, Plains, Western Subarctic, Arctic, Eastern Subarctic, Eastern Woodlands

Question 6

What made indigenous peoples boundaries?

Answer 6

Not based on political boundaries but on bio landscape and survival aspects

Question 7

When did people maybe arrive?

Answer 7

40,000 - 35,000

Question 8

When did people arrive?

Answer 8

15,000 when ice sheets receded

Question 9

Who were the second people to arrive?

Answer 9

Colonization of British and French

Question 10

The British and French example of what?

Answer 10

Language faultline

Question 11

When was Quebec City founded?

Answer 11

1608 by Samuel De Champlain

Question 12

What was important of St. Lawerence River?

Answer 12

Trade fish, fur (beaver and otter pelts)

Question 13

When was British immigration - American Revolution

Answer 13

1775-1783

Question 14

European settlement started extracting what?

Answer 14

resources such as cod over 5000 years ago

Question 15

Who were the third people to arrive?

Answer 15

Central Europeans, Scandinavians, Russians, they were land hungry peasants accustomed to similar climates

Question 16

Who was the minister to encourage immigration?

Answer 16

Clifford Sifton

Question 17

What was Clifford Sifton’s problem with immigration?

Answer 17

Large indigenous population and cold climate

Question 18

What drew people to BC?

Answer 18

Gold rush 1858

Question 19

When was California’s gold rush

Answer 19

1848

Question 20

Who and how many migrated north during gold rush?

Answer 20

Chinese and migrant workers, roughly 30,000

Question 21

When was Canada confederation?

Answer 21

1867

Question 22

Which province was last to join Canada

Answer 22

Newfoundland

Question 23

What were the two trading companies

Answer 23

North West Company and Hudson Bay Company

Question 24

What did the Great Canadian Railway do?

Answer 24

1. Link the west with the rest of Canada
2. To settle Canadian prairies
3. To provide an export route for prairie grain
4. To create a market in the west for eastern Canadians

Question 25

Which Prime Minister in charge of Railway

Answer 25

Macdonald

Question 26

Example of Centralist/Decentralist faultline

Answer 26

Newfoundland, far away from everyone, unimportant

Question 27

Example of modern treaties

Answer 27

giving control of lands to First Nations

Question 28

What are trends of western Canada population

Answer 28

current day Asian immigrants, change cultural landscape

Question 29

Canada population is?

Answer 29

38 million, still small relative to physical size

Question 30

What were some French/English Faultlines

Answer 30

1. Britain and French Colonization
2. Treaty of Paris (1763)
3. Quebec Act (1774) - give French Canadians religious freedom and land holding
4. Separatism - 1975 referendum 51% stay in Canada
5. Two visions