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GI > Lecture 3 - GI Development > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - GI Development Flashcards

1
Q

When does the embryo fold

A

4th week

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2
Q

Embryonic folding

A

Laterally

  • creates ventral wall
  • primitive gut becomes tubular

Craniocaudally

  • creates cranial and caudal pockets from yolk sac endoderm
  • beginning of primitive gut development
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3
Q

Gut tube

A

Endoderm lined tube covered by splanchnic mesoderm
Runs the length of the body
Blind ended caudocephalically
Opening at the umbilicus

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4
Q

Splanchnic mesoderm innervation and implication

A

Innervation by the visceral nervous system
- parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation

Therefore non localised pain

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5
Q

Derivatives of the foregut

A

Oesophagus
Stomach
Pancreas, liver and gall bladder
Duodenum - proximal to the entrance of the bile duct (at sphincter of Oddi)

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6
Q

Midgut derivatives

A 
Duodenum 
Jejunum 
Ileum 
Caecum 
Ascending colon 
Proximal 2/3rds of the transverse colon
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7
Q

Hind gut derivatives

A 
Distal 1/3rd of transverse colon 
Descending colon 
Sigmoid colon
Rectum 
Upper anal canal
Internal lining of bladder and urethra
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8
Q

Foregut blood supply

A

Coeliac trunk

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9
Q

Midgut blood supply

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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10
Q

Hindgut blood supply

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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11
Q

Duodenal blood supply

A

Proximal to sphincter of oddi:
Gastroduodenal artery and superior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the coeliac trunk

Distal to sphincter of Oddi:
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the superior mesenteric artery

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12
Q

Pancreas blood supply

A

Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery

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13
Q

Intraembryonic coelom

A

One large cavity formed during embryonic folding

The diaphragm splits the coelom into abdominal and thoracic cavities

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14
Q

Septum transversum

A

Indicates where the diaphragm will develop and separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities

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15
Q

Mesentery

A

Double layer of peritoneum suspending the gut tube from the abdominal wall

  • allows mobility
  • allows a conduit for blood vessels and nerves
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16
Q

What does the dorsal mesentery cover

A

Entire gut tube

17
Q

What does the ventral mesentery cover

A

Foregut

18
Q

Greater and lesser peritoneal sacs

A

In the foregut, the dorsal and ventral mesentery divides the cavity into left and right sacs

Left sac = greater sac
Right sac = lesser sac (behind stomach)

19
Q

Omenta

A

Specialised regions of peritoneum

20
Q

Greater omentum

A

Formed from the dorsal mesentery

21
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Formed from the ventral mesentery
Free edge is a conduit for the portal triad
Connects the liver and lesser curve of stomach

22
Q

Consequences of the rotation of the stomach

A
  • Vague nerves move anterior and posterior to the stomach instead of left and right
  • liver moves to the right of the stomach
  • spleen moves to the left of the stomach
  • shifts cardia and pylorus from the midline
  • stomach lies obliquely
  • formation of lesser sac and greater omentum
23
Q

Peritoneal reflection

A

Change in direction of peritoneum I.e.

  • parietal to mesentery
  • mesentery to visceral
  • visceral to parietal
24
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Never in the peritoneal cavity and never had a mesentery

Behind peritoneum

25
Q

Secondarily retroperitoneal

A

Began development invested in the peritoneal cavity and had a mesentery but during development, lost its mesentery as it fuses with the posterior abdominal wall

E.g. duodenum and pancreas

26
Q

Where does the foregut extend from?

A

From the lung bud to the liver bud

27
Q

GI tract development

A

In the 4th week, a respiratory diverticula forms in the ventral wall of the foregut at the junction with the pharyngeal gut

  • respiratory primordial - ventral
  • oesophagus - dorsal
28
Q

Abnormal positioning of the tracheaoesophageal septum

A
  • proximal blind ended oesophagus

- tracheoesophageal fistula

29
Q

Where does the liver and biliary system develop from

A

Ventral mesentery

30
Q

Where does the pancreas develop from?

A

Uncinate process and inferior head = ventral mesentery (duct system)
Superior head, neck, body and tail = dorsal mesentery (gland portion)

31
Q

Falciform ligament

A

Connects the liver to the abdominal chest wall

32
Q

Duodenum development

A

Develops from the caudal foregut and cranial midgut
Shape is due to stomach rotation as pushed to the right and against posterior abdominal wall

Secondarily retroperitoneal

33
Q

What creates the greater curvature of the stomach

A

Faster growth of the dorsal border

34
Q

Where is the midgut connected to the yolk sac?

A

Midpoint of the midgut

35
Q

Physiological herniation

A

The midgut grows faster than the abdominal cavity so by week 6, it protrudes through the abs minimal wall into the umbilical cord

36
Q

Midgut rotation

A

Midgut rotates 90 degrees whilst in the umbilical cord

In total the midgut rotates 3x of 90 degrees

37
Q

Umbilical hernia

A

If an abnormally large opening between the abdominal cavity and umbilical cord persists, an umbilical hernia can occur at birth

GI (18 decks)

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