Lecture 3: Fungal diversity Flashcards
why is it difficult to estimate fungal species?
fungi often show convergent evolution and have similar, indistinguishable features, and some protists appear as fungi
what kingdom do fungi belong to?
Eumycota
what is physiological race?
intraspecific groups distinguished by variations in their physiology, particularly in pathogenicity or host preference, while being morphologically similar
what is the perfect state?
the sexual state of fungi (may have not been observed)
what is the imperfect state?
asexual state
what is primoglature?
2 names being used for perfect and imperfect state HOWEVER perfect state takes precedence
what are the 5 fungi phyla?
- chytridiomycota
- zygomycota
- glomerulomycota
- ascomycota
- basidiomycota
what are the 3 subphyla of chytids?
chytridiomycotina, blastocladiomycota, neocallimastiomycota
what are the chytrids also known as?
water moulds
what are the features of the chytrids?
- saprotrophs
- anaerobic metabolism
- chitin cell wall
- glycogen storage granules
- synthesize lysine
what is the structure of chytrids?
thallus body and rhizoid filaments (zoosporangium)
what do the chytrid zoosporangium contain?
a singular posterior flagella that are motile and show chemotaxis
what do chytrids form?
tripartite mutualisms
what animal group are chytrids a threat to?
amphibians due to Bd
what are the zyogmycota also known as?
sugar moulds
what are the features of the zygomycota?
- multinucleate system
- hyphae have no cross walls or septa
- contain melanin and sporopellenin
what 2 methods of reproduction do zygomycota use?
asexual spores made in sporangium or sexual spores (zygospores)
what is zygomycosis?
zygomycota causing disease
what are the glomerulomycota responsible for?
mycorrhizal interactions
what are the 2 types of mycorrhizae the glomerulomycota form?
- arbuscular
- vesicular-arbuscular
what are the ascomycota known as?
spore shooters or sac fungi
how do the ascomycota reproduce sexually?
ascospores that are either naked or stored in fruitbodies
how many ascospores are in an ascus?
8
what are the hyphae of ascospores like?
septate therefore cells are separated by cell walls
how do the ascomycota reproduce asexually?
condiation where the phialide (mother cell) divides via mitosis creating new cells (oldest is furthest from the mother)
what are the basidiomycota also known as?
the spore droppers
how do basidiomycota sexually reproduce?
basidiospores from basidia
how do homobasidiomycetes reproduce?
4 basidiospores are released from basidium passively, mediated by Buller’s drop
how do heterobasidiomycetes reproduce?
using complex structures like:
- tuning fork basidia
- transverse septate
- cruciate septate
