Lecture 3

Question 1

What were Mendel’s peas?

Answer 1

Highly in-bred

Question 2

What does the flower structure promote?

Answer 2

Self-fertilization making them pure-bred (want every gene to be homozygous)

Question 3

What were Mendel’s experiments designed for?

Answer 3

So that he could study one trait at a time

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

An inherited factor (encoded in the DNA) that helps determine a characteristic

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

One of two or more alternative forms of a gene (dominant/recessive)

Question 6

Locus

Answer 6

Specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele (address on a chromosome)

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

Set of alleles possessed by an individual organism (at a specific locus)

Question 8

Heterozygote

Answer 8

An individual organism possessing two different alleles at a locus

Question 9

Homozygote

Answer 9

An individual organism possessing two of the same alleles at a locus

Question 10

Phenotype or trait

Answer 10

The appearance or manifestation of a characteristic (what it actually looks like)

Question 11

Characteristic

Answer 11

An attribute or feature possessed by an organism

Question 12

What do upper case letters refer to?

Answer 12

Dominant (expressed factor) allele

Question 13

What do lower case letters refer to?

Answer 13

Recessive (latent factor) allele

Question 14

What is the allelic combination called?

Answer 14

The genotype

Question 15

What is the physical appearance called?

Answer 15

The phenotype

Question 16

What do genes exist in different versions of?

Answer 16

Alleles

Question 17

What do different alleles for a particular gene occupy?

Answer 17

The same locus on homologous chromosomes

Question 18

What did Mendel do to cross different varieties of peas?

Answer 18

Removed the anthers from flowers to prevent self-fertilization

Dusted the stigma with pollen from a different plan

The pollen fertilized into ova which developed into seeds, which grew into plants

Question 19

What is P?

Answer 19

Parental Generation

Question 20

What is F1?

Answer 20

First Filial Generation

Question 21

What is F2?

Answer 21

Second Filial Generation

Question 22

What was the conclusion of Mendel’s findings?

Answer 22

The traits of parents do not blend

Question 23

What ratio did Mendel’s findings produce?

Answer 23

3:1 Ratio

Question 24

What are the observations of Mendel’s first law of segregation?

Answer 24

1. Each individual organism possesses two alleles encoding a trait
2. Alleles separate when gametes are formed
3. Alleles separate in equal proportions

Question 25

What are the observations of Mendel’s second law of Independent Assortment

Answer 25

Alleles at different loci separate independently (i.e, seed texture vs. plant height)

Question 26

When we are talking about gametes, what are we referring to?

Answer 26

Haploids

Question 27

What does het x het produce?

Answer 27

3:1 genotype

Question 28

What does hom x het produce?

Answer 28

1:1 genotype

Question 29

What is Mendel’s Principle of Dominance?

Answer 29

In a heterozygote, one allele may conceal the presence of another