Lecture 3 Exam Review Week 7 Flashcards
Values
Beliefs about the worth of something, about what matters, that act as a standard to guide one’s behavior
Value system is an organization of values in which each is ranked along a continuum of importance, often leading to a personal code of conduct.
Influence beliefs about human needs, health, illness, the practice of health behaviors, and human responses to illness.
Professional Values
Altruism
Autonomy
Human Dignity
Integrity
Social Justice
Altruism
Concern for welfare and well being of others
Autonomy
Right to self- determination
Human Dignity
Respect for inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations
Integrity
Acting according to code of ethics and standards of practice
Social Justice
Upholding moral, legal, and humanistic rights
Ethics
A systematic study of principles of right and wrong conduct, virtue and vice, and good and evil as they relate to conduct and human flourishing.
Bioethics
Ask questions such as what kind of person should I be; what are my duties and obligations to other people; what do I owe the common good or the public?
Nursing Ethics
Subset of bioethics,, formal study of ethical issues that arise in the practice of nursing.
Morals
Personal or communal standards of right and wrong
Ethical Conduct
Practice based on professional standards of ethical conduct as well as professional values
Nurses should:
Cultivate the virtues of nursing
Understand ethical theories that dictate and justify professional conduct
Be familiar with codes of ethics for nurses and standards for professional nursing conduct
Moral Agency
The capacity to be ethical and do the ethically right thing for the right reasons
Nurse Virtues
Competence
Compassionate Caring
Subordination of self- interest to patient interest
Self- effacement
Trustworthiness
Consciousness
Intelligence
Practical Wisdom
Humility
Courage
Integrity
Purposes of the Code of Ethics
Succinct statement of the ethical obligations and duties of every nurse
Profession’s nonnegotiable ethical standard
Expression of nursing’s own understanding of its commitment to society
Autonomy
Beneficience
Fidelity
Accountability
Justice
Nonmaleficence
Veracity
Bills of Rights for Registered Nurses
The right to:
Practice in a manner that fulfills obligations to society and to those who receive nursing care
Practice in environments that allow them to act in accordance with professional standards and legally authorized scopes of practice
Work in an environment that supports and facilitates ethical practice, in accordance with the Code of Ethics for Nurses
Freely and openly advocate for themselves and their patients, without fear of retribution
Receive fair compensation for their work, consistent with their knowledge, experience, and professional responsibilities
Practice in a work environment that is safe for themselves and their patients
Negotiate the conditions of their employment, either as individuals or collectively, in all practice settings
Moral Distress
Moral Distress occurs when you know the right thing to do, but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to follow the correct course of action
Moral Resilience
Developed capacity to respond well to morally distressing experiences and to emerge strong
Ways to Build Resilience
Cultivating good relationships
Accepting that change is a part of living
Refusing to view crises as insurmountable
Nurturing a positive view of self and taking care of self
Keeping things inn perspective
Using the Nursing Process to Make Ethical Decisions
Assess the situation
Diagnose the ethical problem
Plan
Implement your decision
Evaluate decision
Ethically Relevant Considerations
Balance between benefits and harms in the care of patients
Disclosure, informed consent, and shared decision making
Norms of family life
Relationship between clinicians and patients
Professional integrity of clinicians
Cost effectiveness and allocation
Issues of cultural and or religious variation
Considerations of power
Examples of Ethical Problems
Paternalism
Deception
Privacy and Social Media
Confidentiality
Allocation of scarce nursing resources
Valid Consent or refusal
Conflicts concerning new technologies
Unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, or illegal physician practice
Unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, or illegal nurse practice
Short staffing issues
Beginning of life issues
End of Life Issues
Conflicts of Commitment
Nurses primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, or community
Nurses cannot give to their patients what they don’t have; they must take care of their own basic needs in order to be there for their patients
True
The nurses owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to preserve integrity, to maintain competence, and to continue personal and professional growth
True
Advocacy in Nursing Practice
Primary commitment to the patient
Prioritization of good of individual patient rather than society in general
Evaluation of competing claims of patient’s autonomy and patient well- being
Areas of Concern for Patient Advocates b
Representing Patients
Promoting self- determination
Whistle- Blowing
Being politically active
Professional and Legal Regulation of Nursing Practice
Nurse Practice Acts
Standards
Credentialing
Accreditation
Licensure
Certification
Reasons for Suspending or Revoking a License
Drug or Alcohol abuse
Fraud
Deceptive Practice
Criminal Acts
Previous disciplinary actions by other state boards
Gross or ordinary negligence
Physical or mental impairments, including those resulting from aging
HIPAA- Ensured Patient Rights
To see and copy their health record
To update their health record
To request correction of any mistakes
To get a list of disclosures a health care institution has made independent of disclosures for the purposes of treatment, payment, and health care operations
To request a restriction on certain uses or disclosures
To choose how to receive health information
Common Categories of Malpractice Claims
Failure to follow standards of care
Failure to use equipment in responsible manner
Failure to assess and monitor
Failure to communicate
Failure to document
Failure to act as a patient advocate
Failure to follow the chain of command
Roles of Nurses in Legal Proceedings
Nurse as defendant
Nurse as fact witness
Nurse as expert witness
Legal Safeguards for Nurses
Competent practice
Informed consent or refusal
Contracts
Collective bargaining
Patient Education
Executing provider orders
Delegating Nursing Care
Documentation
Adequate Staffing
Whistle- Blowing
Professional Liability Insurance
Risk Management Programs
Just Culture
Incident, variance, or occurrence reports
Sentinel Events and Never Events
Safeguards to Competent Practice
Developing interpersonal communication skills
Respecting legal boundaries of practice
Following institutional procedures and policies
Owning personal strengths and weaknesses
Evaluating proposed assignments
Keeping current in nursing knowledge and skills
Respecting patient rights and developing rapport with patients
Keeping careful documentation
Working within agency for management policies
Elements of Informed Consent
Disclosure
Comprehension
Competence
Voluntariness
Types of Risk Management Programs
Safety Program
Products safety program
Quality Assurance Programs
Information Contained in Incident Reports
Complete name of person and names of witnesses
Factual account of incident
Date, Time, and place of incident
Pertinent characteristics of person involved
Any equipment or resources being used
Any other important variables
Documentation by physician of medical examination of person involved
Laws Affecting Nursing Practice
Occupational Safety and Health
National Practitioner Data Bank
Reporting Obligations
Controlled Substances
Discrimination and Sexual Harassment
HIPAA
Restraints
People with Disabilities
Legal Issues related to death and dying (wills, advance directives)
OSHA Legal Regulations: Use of Electrical Equipment, Use of Isolation techniques, Use of Radiation, Use of Chemicals
