Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ADN001 Funds > Lecture 2 Exam Review Week 4 Lecture > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Exam Review Week 4 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Study of drugs that alter functions of living organisms

A

Pharmacology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs and symptoms and disease process

A

Drug therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Drugs given for therapeutic process derived from plants, animals, minerals, and synthetic compounds

A

Medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acts on the site of application

A

Local

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Taken into the body and circulated via the bloodstream to sites of action, and then eliminated by the body

A

Systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Drugs are classified according to their ?

A

Therapeutic uses
Body Systems
Chemical Characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Individual drugs that represent groups of a drug

A

Prototypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CDER

A

FDAs Center Drug Evaluation and Research

Approves new drugs annually, approves for OTC availability, determines need for clinical trials, ensuring safety and efficacy, and black box warnings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name legal routes of access

A

Prescription

OTC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Generic Name

A

Related to the chemical or official name, independent of manufacturer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Trade Name

A

Designated and partnered by manufacturer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Title II =

A

Controlled Substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act

A

Manufacture and distribution of narcotics, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, anabolic steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Schedule 1

A

No Use

ex : LSD, Ecstacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Schedule II

A

High Abuse potential

ex Morphine, cocaine, meth, Phen orbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Schedule III

A

Less potential for abuse

ex anabolic steroids and mixed codeine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Schedule IV

A

Accepted Medical Use

Benzos, phentermine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Schedule V

A

Moderate amounts of a controlled substance

ex Anti diarrheal and cough suppressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ISMP

A

Institute for Safe Medication Practices

High Alert Meds
Pregnancy categories for Safety
BEERS Criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

National Patient Safety Goals

A

TJC ( Sentinel Event 2001)
Do not use Abbreviations list
Targeted High risk activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cells are dynamic factories that take in?

A

Raw Materials
Manufacture products for the body
Differ from one tissue to another
Deliver to appropriate destination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cells can ?

A

Exchange materials with immediate environment
Obtain energy from nutrients
Communicate with another via biologic chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sites of Administration

A

PO
GI Tract
Liver
Capillaries
Go to Bloodstream
Circulate to Target Cells
Perform Action
Return to Bloodstream
Liver- Metabolites
Bloodstream
Kidneys
Urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Movement and modification inside the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ADME

A

A Absorption
D Distribution
M Metabolism
E Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Onset of drug action determined by the rate of absorption.

A

Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Distribution

A

Carried by blood and tissue to fluids to action, metabolism, and excretion sites.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Metabolism

A

Method by which drugs are inactivated or Bio transformed by the body.

Drug- metabolizing enzymes are located within the kidneys, liver, RBCs, plasma, lungs, gastrointestinal mucosa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Excretion

A

Elimination of medication from the body requiring adequate function of circulatory system, kidneys, BM, lungs and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Drug actions on target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

DF

A

Process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What can turn on and off, promote or block responses that are part of the body process

A

DRUGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Drugs interact with one or more cellular structures to alter cell function

A

Drug Receptor Interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Drugs may also combine with other molecules in the body to achieve their effect. True or False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Frequency, size, number of doses
Meet ADQ. concentration
loading doses
Maint. doses

A

Dosage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Route of Admin.

A

Influences absorption
Iv= Most effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Name some Drug- Diet interaction examples.

A

Tyramine foods plus MAIOs may lead to HTN and Intracranial Hemorrhage

Green veggies vs Warfarin

Grapefruit and statins= metabolism inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Additive Effects

A

2 similar actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Synergism

A

2 Different sites = greater effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Interference

A

Drugs that interfere with metabolism of each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Displacemtn

A

One drug bullies another protein binding drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

ANtidote

A

Antagonize toxic effects

Decrease intestinal absorption

Increased rate of metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Therapeutic Range

A

Concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces desired effect without toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Peak Level

A

Highest Plasma Concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Trough Level

A

The point at when the drug is at its lowest concentration, and indication the rate of elimination is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Half Life

A

Amount of time it takes for 50% of blood concentration of a drug to be eliminated from the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Serum Drug Level

A

Laboratory Measurement of the amount of a drug in the blood at particular time which reflects

Dosage
Bioavailability
Rates of Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

MEC

A

Min Effective Concentration

Must be present for efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Toxic Concentration

A

Excessive Level of medication in bloodstream caused by

Single Large Dose
Repeated Small Doses
Slow Metabolism of medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Name Some PT related Variables

A

Age
Weight
Genetics
Pre existing Conditions
Psycho
Developmental
Sex
Environment
Timing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Adverse Drug Reactions

A

Side Effects
Allergic Reactions
Drug Tolerance
Toxic Effect
Idiosyncratic - Unpredictable
Drug Interactions

52
Q

Any undesired responses to med admin.

A

Adverse effects

All Drugs can produce adverse effects
More likely to occur with specific drugs

53
Q

Toxicology Drug Overdose

A

Results from excessive medication
May damage body tissues
Common in peds and older adults

Start Treatment as soon as possible
Support and stabilize function
Prevent further absorption

Activated Charcoal

54
Q

Name Principles of Accurate Drug Administration

A

Follow Rights
Learn information of the drug
Interpret Prescribers order

VO/TBO/RBO

Read labels
Use approved abbreviations
Calculate Doses accurately
Measure Doses accurately

55
Q

General Principles of Drug Administration

A

Use correct procedures
Seek info from Patient
Verify the Identity
Omit or Delay doses as indicated
Vigilance with Peds
Maintain up to date skills and knowledge
Internal and external reporting

56
Q

Name 5 Rights of Medication Administration

A

RIGHT

Patient
Drug
Dose
Time
Route

57
Q

Three Checks READ THE LABEL

A
  1. When Nurse reaches for the container or the unit dose package at MSS
  2. After retrieval from the drawer and compared with the MAR/ EMAR immediately before pouring from multidose container
  3. Before giving to the patient or when replacing the mult dose container in the drawer or shelf
58
Q

Name the parts of the medication order

A

PT name
Date and Time
Name of Drug
Dosage
Route
Frequency
Signature of Person

59
Q

How to Identify the Patient

A

Checking the ID bracelet
Validatiing the PT name
Validating ID number, Medical record number, or birth
Comparing CMAR or MAR

60
Q

Routine Order
Carried out until cancelled by another order

A

Standing order

61
Q

As needed

A

PRN

62
Q

Stat

Single or 1 TIme

A

NOW

One time

63
Q

Controlled Substances orders

A

Controlled Act of 1970

Name of the Patient
Amount
Hour
Name of provider
Name of the nurse administer

64
Q

Oral Route

A

Capsule, pill, tablet, ER, suspension, syrup

65
Q

Topical Route

A

Linient, lotion, ointment, suppository, and transdermal patich

66
Q

Parenteral Route

A

Injectable
Infusion
Implantation

67
Q

Pharm Class

A

MOA and Physiologic Class

68
Q

Oral Medications can be in

A

Solid Form
Liquid Form
Oral Route
Enteral Route
Sublingual Administration
Buccal Administration

69
Q

Controlled Release Tablets

A

Enteric Coated to prevent stomach upset
Maintains more consistent serum levels
Allows less frequent administration
Contains high amount
Never should be broken, open, crushed, or chewed

70
Q

Administration of Paternal Medications

A

Sub Q
Im
ID
IV
Intra arterial
Intra cardial
Intra peritoneal
Intraspinal
Intraosseous

71
Q

Criteria for Equipment for Injections

A

Route
Viscosity
Quantity
Body Size
Type of Medication

72
Q

Sites for IM

A

Ventrogluteal
Vastus Lateralis
Deltoid Muscle

73
Q

Sub Q Injections

A

Into Adipose Tissues

Sites:
Abdomen
Outer aspect of arm
Anterior of thighs
Upper back
Upper ventral or dorsogluteal

74
Q

Name some Less common injection sites

A

Nurses may perform

ID
Intraarterial

Physicians must perform

Intra articular
Intrathecal

75
Q

Longest absorption of all Paternal Routes

A

Intradermal Injections

Sites include inner forearm and the upper back and under the scapula

76
Q

Needle Size for ID

A

1/4 inch or 1/2 inch

25- 27 gauge needle at 5 - 15 degrees

Dose less 0.5 ml

77
Q

IV medication administered

A

Delivers drug directly into the bloodstream
Immediate effect and can not be recalled
Used most often in emergency situations

78
Q

Name some Medication Delivery Systems

A

Transdermal

Pump Delivery Systems
External or implanted
refillable or long acting without refills

79
Q

Name ways of preparing medication for Injection

A

Ampules
Vials
Prefilled
Mixing
Mixing insulins
Reconstituting meds

80
Q

Topical Administration of Medications

A

Skin applications
Eye instillations
Ear instillations
Nasal instillations
Vaginal Applicators
Topical
Creams
Suppositories

used for local effect

81
Q

What should be included in the Medical Record Documentation

A

Name and Dosage
Route of time
Name of person administering
Site Used
Location of topical or transdermal application

Refused Drugs
Medication of errors
Intentional or inadvertently omitted drugs

82
Q

Name some type of medication errors

A

Inappropriate prescribing
extra and omitted or wrong doses
Administration to wrong patient, route or rate
Failure to give medication within time
Incorrect prep
Improper technique
Giving the drug that has deteriorated

83
Q

Medication Errors

A

Check the PT condition immediately observe for adverse effects

Notify nurse manager
Complete form used for reporting errors as dictated by facility

84
Q

Patient Teaching Includes

A

Review of Techniques
Remind to take as prescribed
Instruct not to alter doses
Caution PT not to share medications

85
Q

What is included in Medical History Questions?

A

Current medication orders
The PTs Knowledge of current medications
History of allergic reactions
Can the PT swallow
History of dietary or supplement use

86
Q

Herbal and Dietary Supplement Concerns

A

Questionable safety due to unknown substance
Use of supplements may keep the Patient from receiving care.
Supplements may react with prescription drugs to decrease or increase effects

87
Q

What are some general non drug interventions ?

A

Promoting Health
Preventing or decreasing the need for drug therapy
Using non drug measures to enhance therapeutic effects or decrease adverse effects
PT teaching
Individualizing Care
Observe the Pt response

88
Q

Name some specific non drug intervention examples

A

Promoting health with diet or nutrition
Perform Hand Hygiene
Ambulating, positioning, or exercising
Assisting to cough or deep breath
Applying heat or cold
Scheduling activities to promote rest or sleep

89
Q

Drug Therapy Evaluation Criteria

A

Progress to stated outcomes
Accurate administration
Avoidance
Patient compliance
Specific parameters measure to evaluate response to particular medications

90
Q

Evidence Based Practice

A

Requires conscientious and continuing effort to provide high quality care to patients

Scientific evidence is integrated with the nurse’s clinical expertise and the PT’s values to yield best practice

91
Q

Infants and Pediatrics Medication

A

Differ from adults
Physiological changes influence the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic actions of medications
Variables in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion further to complicate medication process

92
Q

Pediatric Rule 1994

A

Pharm industry to submit all known date about the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of medications used for children

93
Q

Drug Dosages for Peds

A

Based on
Growth
Weight
Body Surface Area

94
Q

Infants things to consider with medications

A

Correct dosages
comfort care
Safety in administration
Muscle development
Education to parents

95
Q

Toddlers and Preschoolers with Med Admin.

A

Involve the group
Short and simple explanations
Adults need to control the administration

96
Q

School aged and Adolescents

A

Explain in more detail
May take by themselves but need supervision
Educate on med practices

97
Q

BEERS Criteria

A

Potentially inappropriate meds for older adults and meds to avoid for this group with certain medications.
Medication combinations that may lead to harmful effects
List of meds that should be avoided or dosed differently due to renal function

98
Q

What are some prevention of adverse effects?

A

Strategies to prevent adverse drug effects in older adults include

Assess medication therapy
Assess Kidney function
Assess therapeutic drug levels
PT education

99
Q

Medication Adherence and Aging

A

Poly pharm
Economic Factors
Start slow with low doses
Asymptomatic

100
Q

Medication in general should be avoided in lactation and pregnancy. True or False

A

True

101
Q

Pregnancy

A

Physiologic changes can alter drug Pharmakinetics
Drug effects are less predictable

102
Q

Infertility

A

Drug therapy is crucial
Increases follicular maturation and promote ovulation

103
Q

Maternal-placental- fetal circulation is complete when?

A

3rd week after conception

104
Q

Drugs cross into fetal circulation via the

A

Placenta

105
Q

Drugs are metabolized by fetus fast or slow?

A

Slowly in fetal liver
Enter the brain easily
Excretion slow and inefficient due to immature kidneys

106
Q

Name principles of drug therapy in Pregnancy

A

pregnancy
Lactation
Home Care

107
Q

Teratogenicity

A

Birth Defects

Likely to occur in first trimester

2nd and 3rd manifest adverse effects

Growth, retardation, resp,. problems, infection, and bleeding

108
Q

Medication to administered to mother to treat the fetus

A

Digoxin Fetal Tachy and HF

Penicillin - Exposure to Maternal Syphilis

109
Q

Brain Effects of Fetus

A

Can occur with meds taken time during pregnancy

Brain development continues from gestation and after birth

110
Q

Name some Pregnancy Management Symptoms

A

Anemias
Constipation
GERD
Gestational Diabetes
N/V
Pregnancy Induced HTN
Selected Infections

111
Q

Medications that alter uterine motility

A

Abortifacients- Drugs used to terminate a pregnancy

112
Q

Tocolytics

A

Drugs given to inhibit labor, maintain pregnancy,

Postpone birth longer to reduce problems of pre maturity

113
Q

Name some Labor inducing medications

A

Prostaglandins
Oxytocic
Analgesics
Anesthetics

114
Q

Estrogen and Progesterone

A

Female Sex hormones
Produced by ovaries and secondarily by the adrenal cortex by nonpregnant women

Made from Cholesterol

Hormones combine with serum proteins and are transported to target tissues where they enter body cells

115
Q

Main Functions is to promote growth in tissues related to reproduction and sex characteristics in women

A

Estrogen

116
Q

When is estrogen secreted?

A

During menstrual cycle

117
Q

What is necessary during pregnancy for the growth and birth of the fetus

A

Estrogens

118
Q

Secreted during menstrual cycle to change endometrial lining of the uterus

Acts to maintain pregnancy if ovum is fertilized

Maintains pregnancy by decreasing uterine contractions

A

Progesterone

119
Q

Menstrual Cycle

A

Follicular Phase
Luteal Phase

Usual is 28 days

Ovulation phase

120
Q

Common Reproductive Health Problems for Females

A

PMS
Endometriosis
Menopause
PMDD

121
Q

Male sex hormones made from cholesterol

A

Androgens

Most important is Testosterone

Defiance in Primary and Secondary Gonadism

122
Q

Increased production leads to changes in associated in puberty
Functions include the development of male sexual characteristics, reproduction, and metabolism. Necessary for normal sperm development.

A

Testosterone

123
Q

Name Causes Of Erectile Dysfunction

A

Drugs
Lifestyle Factors
Diseases
Spinal Cord Injuries
Psychological Factors
Prototype PDE 5 Inhibitor- sildenafil
Do not cause erection Enhance the erection by increasing the blood flow to the penis

124
Q

BPH

A

50 percent experience by 60. 90 percent by age 70s and 80s

Androgen Deficiency
Hypogonadism

125
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Androgen Deficiency

A

Infertility
ED
Decreased hair growth
Decreased Muscle Mass
Breast Tissue
Loss of Bone Mass

126
Q

Drug Therapy

A

Androgens
Anabolic Steroids
PDE5 Inhibitors
Prostaglandins
5- Alpha reductase Inhibitors and Alpha - adrenergic receptors

Use of drugs in both classes in combo has demonstrated to be more effective than either drug class alone and is the gold standard for treatment of symptoms of BPH

127
Q

Adverse Effects of abusing this drug includes

CV Disorders
Liver Disorders
CNS Disorders
Reproductive Disorders
Metabolic Disorders
Derm Disorders

A

Androgens and Anabolic Steroids

ADN001 Funds (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions