Lecture 3; dynamic self

Question 1

True or false;Self understanding largely product of Construal Process : Making sense of our experiences, preferences, attributes, etc

Answer 1

True

Question 2

true or false ; Sometimes our lack of self insight can be self protective: Things many of us would rather not know about ourselves.

Answer 2

true

Question 3

Why do we draw inaccurate conclusions of ourselves ?

Answer 3

Draw inaccurate conclusions of ourselves because we don’t have access to certain mental processes , such mental processes are nonconscious ( outside of awareness), leaving us to generate plausible accounts for our preferences and behaviours instead.

Question 4

Gender manipulation & terms of ethnicity

Answer 4

ppl that mostly aren’t white are the ones who define themselves with ethnicity more then anything

Question 5

Stereotype distinctiveness?

Answer 5

Happens when Strong performance normally linked to an opposite gender ( rly good in something girls arent supposed to be good in for example)
- Ex: Queens Gambit, self taught chess player, exceptional but shes a girl so people undersestimate…
- Personal example is poker, i would be encouraged to associate to poker because it makes me distinct since poker isn’t a girly thing

Question 6

True or false; If your better in sports vs school, you will tend to point out you are an athlete not an academic

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Contextual Activation
( Fazio, Effrein & Falendar)

Answer 7

example with introvert/extrovert

Extrovert after identifying as extrovert continued to act even more as an extrovert then before, vise versa , tendency to act as how you are depicted

Question 8

Self vs working self

Answer 8

There’s a working self (accessible at any moment, something that’s core about you, top of the mind, at your finger tip type of stuff) the CORE
Other part is not so core, more peripheral, and is triggered by the situation we’re in.

Question 9

Availability vs Accessibility

Answer 9

Available: there ( ex: the core)

Accessibility: Knowledge of yourself that is available but the level of how hard it is to get to

Question 10

When do primes prime ( 3 groups)

Answer 10

• Not available in memory: Cant drag smt out of you if you just don’t got it
• Available but low accessibility : There but hard to get to ( prime helps here) - Primes Influences inconsistent
• Chronically highly available : Already there, don’t need priming

Question 11

• **Self concept clarity vs self-complexity

Answer 11

.- Self concept clarity: is this idea that we have clear consistent idea of ourself, this makes up a coherent self.
- vs Self complexity, ( having a lot of cells and lot of cells that are different one to another) contrast to self-concept clarity : More distinct cells more differentiated self

Question 12

Self buffer idea:

Answer 12

if something happens to one of your selves, won’t affect all of your selves.

Question 13

Culture, memory and the self, (Wagar& Cohen, 2003)

Answer 13

Euro- Canadians: Personal identity

Asian- Canadians: Collective identity

Question 14

Two distinct forms of interdependent self-construal

Answer 14

• Relational one: focused on viewing the self as connected to other individuals
• Collective one: focused on viewing the self in relation to social groups or collective

Question 15

Social comparison theory:

Answer 15

Seek info about yourself though comparison with other people

To get an accurate sense of how good you are at something, you need to compare yourself with people who have roughly your level of skill.

Not informative to compare to celebs or pro athletes

Question 16

Self esteem

Answer 16

People with low self-esteem: Less satisfied with life, more hopeless, more depressed, less able to cope with life challenges, prone to antisocial behaviour and delinquency. Feel ambivalent about themselves ( feel both good & bad).

People with high self-esteem: Always good to have high self-esteem because it has many dimensions but all overall good. Feel good about themselves.

Question 17

Raising the self esteem in people might produce what ?

Answer 17

A healthier, more resilient children and a better society overall in the long run.

Question 18

The trait of self esteem

Answer 18

Persons enduring level of self-regard over time, fairly stable ( people who report high trait of self-esteem at one point in time tend to report the same later on, same is true for low self-esteem)

Question 19

The state of self esteem

Answer 19

Refers to the dynamic, changeable self-evaluations a person experiences as momentary feelings about the self. Like the working self, which change one context to another, so can your self esteem .

Question 20

Self esteem rises and falls when and whats the impact of this?

Answer 20

Self esteem rises and falls with successes and failures in the domains that are the most important to their self-worth ( self esteem goes up when you do well in areas that matter to you, but it drops when you stumble in these areas). WHICH IS WHY….

Question 21

WHICH IS WHY… better to stake self-worth in wide range of areas…

Answer 21

WHICH IS WHY it is better to stake self-worth in wide range of areas, like equally prioritize friends, school, sports, musical hobbies, etc ( don’t put all eggs in one basket) SO THAT, the more our self-worth comes from multiple, distinct domains, the more likely we are to avoid feeling devastated by a setback in any one domain. ** IMPORTANT**

Question 22

Sociometer hypothesis ( Mark Leary, 1995)

Answer 22

Social acceptance
- Leary argues that self-esteem is an internal, subjective index of how well we are regarded by others and hence how likely we are to be accepted/rejected.
- Leary reasons, we couldn’t go through it alone
* the characteristics that make people accept or reject us*
- High self esteem would indicate that one is thriving in their relationships , the other way around Low self esteem would indicate interpersonal difficulties.
- In this sense, low self-esteem is not something to be avoided at all costs, instead it provides useful information about when we need to attend to and shore up our social bonds.

Question 23

Culture and self-esteem

Answer 23

• Independent cultures foster higher levels of self-esteem than interdependent cultures do.
• Westerners report higher self-esteem and a more pronounced concern with evaluating the self.
• interdependent not that they feel bad about themselves its just that interdependent ppl are more concerned with other ways of feeling good about themselves, more committed to collective goals.
• Situationist hypothesis, people from independent cultures create social interactions that boost self esteem.
• Example, the Canadians avoided being reminded of failure vs Japanese used the occasion to improve.

Question 24

True or false

Answer 24

Most of East Asian languages don’t even have a word or phrase for self-esteem.

Question 25

who invented the term of self esteem

Answer 25

Westerners

Question 26

Those who never move vs those who move

Answer 26

Those who never move=never use central traits

Those who move= use central traits

Frequent movers =identify conditionally with groups( if the soccer team is winning they will identify to them but if team is loosing for example they won’t identify anymore)

Non frequent movers= support unconditionally, will support team even if it is a loosing them

Question 27

Different people to do different things with

Answer 27

• self better for internal traits
• other better for external traits
• other better for self evaluating traits

Question 28

What does soka stand for

Answer 28

Self-other knowledge asymmetry ( the principle of different people to do different things with)

Question 29

How do changes in relationships, school, work influence: The content of the self & The structure of the self

Answer 29

• The content of the self
  
  • ex; might have certain aspects that were rly important in high school but it isn’t anymore,
• The structure of the self
  
  • ex; things can change, the importance of soccer in high school vs now changes if you stop playing the sport

Question 30

What is James Redux definition of self esteem

Answer 30

Definition of self-esteem; is not just about feeling positive, its also about how you feel about your selves

Question 31

Standing on bureau demo in class was to prove what?

Answer 31

That sometimes data is insufficient. We need to have enough data to make claims

Question 32

What is the changing of the content self?

Answer 32

The idea is that life changes such as moving to university or forming a new close relationship may lead you to take on new self representations and/or drop old ones. However, these changes may also change how central vs peripheral some self representations are and what connections or associations you make with these self representations, that is influencing the structure of the self. For example, someone might have been a high school athlete and had all sorts of associations with that but maybe at university athlete is associated with ‘things I do for fun’ and ‘achieving my health and fitness goals’.

Question 33

Barnum effect

Answer 33

You make statements that generally apply to everyone so as a result that person feels
like they can identify with it (“oh that’s kinda me”)
● But doesn’t really tell us about our distinctive personality
palm reader for example

Question 34

Recency vs Frequency in terms of working self

Answer 34

○ Things that are both recent and frequent contribute to your sense of working self

Question 35

Self enhancement def

Answer 35

People are motivated to view themselves positively

Question 36

self enhancement influences what, when is it needed?

Answer 36

Influences dynamics of self evaluation, needed in situations like someone not liking you back or boss pointing out negatives in your work ethic because you will feel that you need to protect the positive way you view yourself.

Question 37

self enhancement strategies (2):

Answer 37

Self-Serving Construals
Self-affirmation

Question 38

what does the Nobel prize winning economist Thomas Schelling state to explain self-serving construals?

Answer 38

• Nobel prize winning economist Thomas Schelling states that ;

> Everybody ranks himself high in qualities he values; careful drivers give weight to care, skillful drivers give weight to skill, and those who think that, whatever else they are not, at least they are polite, give weight to courtesy, and come out high on their own scale. This is the way that every child has the best dog on the block. ( Schelling, 1978, p.64)

Question 39

How is self-affirmation explained

Answer 39

Self-affirmation theory : Peoples effort to maintain overall sense of self-worth when confronted with feedback or events that threaten a valued self-image. ( ex, poor grade or back feedback from boss)

Question 40

What is the double curse of incompetence?

Answer 40

Double curse of incompetence: curse that incompetent people, that is those who tend to perform well below their peers in given domain- are deficient not only in the skills needed to perform but also in the knowledge necessary for recognizing incompetence.