Lecture 3 ( design reform) Flashcards
Who is richard redgrave
1804-1888
landscape and genre painter and arts administrator and was an advocate for the rationalization of art education in Britain
1. decoration is secondary to form
- function is abstract and decoration is semiotic
2. form is dictated by function and the materials used
- what is the correspondence between the things your’re trying to make and the materials you use to make it
3. that design should derive from historical english and non-western ornament as as plant and animal sources distilled into simple linear motifs
- if you’re producign english goods, you should use english models
- take a complex english design, and making them legible by simplifying them
Who was henry cole?
1808-1882
- concerned about the quality of design and lack of design in education
- The true office of ornament is the decoration of utility. Ornament, therefore ought always to be secondary to utility
- True ornament does not consist in the mere imitation of natural objects; but rather in the adaptation of their peculiar beauties of form or colour to decorative purposes controlled by the nature of the material to be decorated, the laws of art and the necessities of manufacture
who was owen jones
1809-1874
the grammar of ornament was hugely influential but removed cultural context from the study of form
- looked at global decoration
- talks about the sucess of the design of the culture of the place
- looked at the deco patterns in hieroglyphics
- interested in pottery ( peru)
- contributed to colonial and imperial mindset where culture could be modified
- in 1856 oublished the grammar of ornament
- The works of a people who are still faithful to their art as to their religion habits and modes of thought which inspired it ( INCOMPLETE)
The school of design london
- founded in 1836
- studied the types of traditional things that carries art and education
- was the idea you train artists, those skilled individuals could then turn to the task of making object
-translation of the artistic to tangible
- the depictions of murals for social life
What are the three dominating characteristics of design thinking?
historicism,exoticism and orientalism
what is historicism?
- the use of the visual languages and decorative details of past ages in contemporary design
What is exoticsim?
the interest in fascination with and appropriation of decorative aspects of distant cultures by the west
What is orientalism?
the study of the histories, languages and cultures of the “east” ( in relation to europe and the west)
Who was john ruskin?
1819-1900
the greatest art theorist and historian of his age
- cultivated a thoughtful argumetnt about the destructive tendencies of industrialization regarding the arts
- advocated for the integrity of artisanship and craft
- was the first professor of art history at oxford
- looking at foundations, stone carvings, wood doors of architecture
- advocated for a return of hand-making
- the mass production and industrialization
- we have much studeied and much perfected, of late, the great civilizzed invention of the diviision of labour only we give it a false name. It is not, truly speaking, the labour that it divided; but the men:- divided into mere segments of men - broken into small gragments and crumbs of life; so that all the little piece of intelligence that is left in a man is not enough to make a pin, or a nail, but exhausts itself in making the point of a pin or the head of a nail.
- we need to think about the factories and the division of labours
- argues that the industrialization was the destruction
- hes talking about class divisions, the degradation of integrity of all
- was the integrity of people in design
-And all the evil to which that cry is urging our myriads can be met only in one way: not by teaching nor preaching, for to teach them is but to show them their misery, and to preach at them, if we do nothing more than preach, is to mock at it. It can only be met by a right understanding, on the part of all classes, of what kinds of labour are good for men, raising them and making them happy; by a determined sacrifice of such convenience or beauty or cheapness as is to be got only by the degradation of the workman; and by equally determined demand for the workmanl and by equally determined demand for the products and results of healthy and ennobling labour
- Now it is a good and desirable thing, trul to make many pins in a day; but if we could only see with what crystal sand their points were polished, sand of human soul, much to be magnified before it can be discerned for what it is - we should think that there might be some loss in it also. And the great cry that rises from our manufacturing cities, louder than their furnace blast, is all in very deed for this- that we manufacture everything there except men; we blanch cotton, and strenghthen steel and refine sugar and shape pottery but to brighten to strengthen, to refine, or to form a single living spirit, never enters into our estimate of advantages
who was AWN pugin
1812-1852
- believes that roman catholic was the purest
- felt that producism aided morality
- if there was a gothic architecture related to medieval cuture, believed that it could stop the tied of degradation
- a genuine advocate for the creation of the gothic world
who was joseph paxton
1803-1865
- architect and engineer and the designer of the structure that huouesd thte 1851 industrial exposition known as the great exhbition or crystal palace exibition
- entirely cast iron which is when glass was set
- at the time the largest structure in the world
