Lecture 2 (revolutions) Flashcards
What is the relationship of industrialization and modern design ( 1980s)
was changes in labour and fabrication and the means of what things get made
Who was michael Thonet?
1859
Is the first to mass produce chairs which were made in germany and was the first to design furniture that could be packaged in pieces for consumers to assemble on their own. its organic and part of the natural movement which changed the thinking of industrial and consumer revolution.
-abundance, the assumption is that there are available for the abundance of things in consumer wants
When did the first industrial revolution happen and what happened?
Occurred in 1760- 1830
saw the rise of steam power, rationalization of labor and the production of goods such as cloth, pottery and metal-wares
1. new materials in production:iron and steel
2. the adoption of new sources of energy including fuel and motive power, including coal, steam engines, electircity, petroleum, combustion engine
3. invention of new machines and new technologies, the spinning jenny and power loom that allowed for greater production and less human effort, and the improvement of existing technologies
4. a new proccess of work known as the “factory system” which was marked by increased division of labor and specialization of task or function
- William Faden, British isles of Great Britain and Ireland with the Adkacent Islands
- industrial development in 1700-1810, produced remarkable volume of domestic goods
When was the second consumer revolution and what happened?
Occurred in 1750-1830
the expansion of manufacturing and the middles classes and twinned realities of the desire for and the availability of factory-made goods
Who was Thomas Newcomen and what did he invent
1663-1729
- In 1712, Thomas Newcomen invented an “atmospheric engine” which used steam pressure to drive a piston
- he mechanized labour
- added to the progress of industrial progress, history progress
Who was Thomas Bouslover and what did discover?
1795-1788
born in longley, near sheffield and apprenticed as a cutler. In 1743, by accident, he discovered that he could fuse copper and silver together. This became known as “sheffield plate”
Who was James Watt
1736-1819
- in 1764, while repairing and newcomen steam engine. he develped the rotative steam enging Watt became unaware of the loss of steam. He added a separate condenser which improved the pressure level in significant ways.
who was james hargreaves and what did he do
1720-1778
A spinner by trade, Hargreaves, in 1764-65, devised his hand operated spinning machine after watching a spinning wheel that had been toppled by his daughter, to continue rotation. He resolved that many spindles could be added there by increasing the size and volume of cloth produce
Who was richard arkwright and what did he do?
1720-1788
-In 1760, Arkkwright invented a water powered spinning machine that could spin 96 threads at a time. The machines success depended on thicker, stronger thread
Who was josiah wedgwood what did he do?
a leading industrialist in stoke on trent, England who was a pioneer in nmaterials research, the rationalization of labor and the inventor of a wide range of new ceramic products. Wedgwood was an ardent abolitionist
- was a potter and integrated his craftmanship int industrial production
Josiah Wedgwood (1730–1795) was a pioneering British potter and industrialist, known for revolutionizing ceramics production and contributing to the Industrial Revolution. His achievements extended beyond pottery—his innovative methods in production, marketing, and social causes left a lasting legacy. Here are some key aspects of his work:
1. Innovations in Pottery
Jasperware: Wedgwood developed this signature unglazed stoneware, often in pastel shades like blue and green, with classical white relief decorations. It became highly sought after for its elegance and durability.
Creamware: He created a fine, durable cream-colored earthenware, which became known as “Queen’s Ware” after he supplied it to Queen Charlotte. This product was affordable and popular across Europe.
Experimentation: He approached pottery scientifically, developing precise formulas for clays and glazes and using tools like the pyrometer to measure kiln temperatures.
2. Mass Production and Division of Labor
Wedgwood was among the first to implement industrial processes like the division of labor in ceramics. Each worker focused on specialized tasks, which increased efficiency and allowed the consistent production of high-quality goods. His factory, the Etruria Works, set new standards for industrial production.
3. Marketing and Branding
Wedgwood used celebrity endorsements and royal patronage to promote his products.
He was a pioneer in catalog sales and showrooms, and he popularized the idea of product samples, which allowed potential buyers to preview pieces before ordering.
4. Advocate for Social Reform and Abolition of Slavery
Wedgwood was a prominent supporter of the abolitionist movement. In 1787, he designed the famous anti-slavery medallion, featuring a kneeling slave with the words, “Am I Not a Man and a Brother?” These medallions were widely distributed and became a powerful symbol of the abolitionist cause.
5. Legacy
Wedgwood’s combination of artistic skill, scientific innovation, and ethical engagement set a precedent for modern industrial design and corporate responsibility. His company, Wedgwood, remains one of the most recognized names in ceramics to this day. Additionally, his grandson was Charles Darwin, whose scientific legacy echoed Josiah’s forward-thinking approach.
Wedgwood’s work embodied the transition from craftsmanship to industrial manufacturing, and his influence extended far beyond ceramics into marketing, industrial management, and social justice.
Who was thomas Chippendale and what did he do?
London cabinetmaker who, in 1754 published a catalog of designs called “ The gentleman and cabinetmaker director which was a best selled and influenced a generation of furniture makers in the british atlantic world
- published a set of drawing in the gothic and chinese modern design, which influenced makers, mass production,
- used the power of print culture, the mass production of print being made
Who was thomas shearer
- pubished book of cabinet makers, about 200 various designs
- shows the physical construction, anticipating the ways that thonet does in his book
who was thomas shearaton?
1751-1806
Born in stock in county durham, Sheraton was apprenticed to a local cabinet maker. In 1790 Sheraton moved to london in 1790 where he taught furniture design and manufacture. In 1791, he published the cabinet maker and upholsterers drawing book. In 1803 he published the cabinet dictionary and in 1805 the cabinet maker
- apprenticed to a local cabinet maker
- designer of neoclassical objects
- was an instructor and had skills in promotion
Who was george hepplewhite?
1727-1786
Born in stock in county durham, Sheraton was apprenticed to a local cabinet maker. In 1790 Sheraton moved to london in 1790 where he taught furniture design and manufacture. In 1791, he published the cabinet maker and upholsterers drawing book. In 1803 he published the cabinet dictionary and in 1805 the cabinet maker
- apprenticed to a local cabinet maker
- designer of neoclassical objects
- was an instructor and had skills in promotion
who was matthew boulton?
1728-1809
- a mechanical engineer, silversmith, inventor and entrepreneur and the business partner of james watt. They invented Boulton and Watt steam engine which allowed for mechanization of factories and in turn, the mass production of high-quality goods, especially plated table wares
- created the largest industrial manufactory
- neoclassical arts
- produced thousands of objects
- famously known for his replicas and imitations of designs
-diversity of forms, pattern books for neoclassical rages
