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Strength Training > Lecture 3: CV & R Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Lecture 3: CV & R Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart

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2
Q

veins

A

carry blood to the heart

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3
Q

capillaries

A

site of exchange of substances

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4
Q

blood

A

contains hemoglobin

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5
Q

Pathway

A

arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to medium veins to large veins

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6
Q

Electrical Conduction System of the Heart

A

-SA node- heart’s pacemaker, works on auto-rhythmicity, initiates impulses spread
Inernodal pathways
AV Node- continues electrical impulses at the AV bundle to the bundle branches
AV bundle-
Purkinje fibres
Right bundle branch
Left bundle branch

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7
Q

Slight delay between atrial and ventricle contraction comes from

A

AV node

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8
Q

SA node to

A

atrial contraction

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9
Q

AV node to

A

ventricular contraction

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10
Q

ECG

A

Electrocardiogram

-graphic representation of the electrical activity in the heart

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11
Q

Normal Heartbeat

A

range=60 to 100bpm

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12
Q

Fast Heartbeat

A

tachycardia

-over 100bpm

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13
Q

Slow Heartbeat

A

bradycardia

-less than 60bpm

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14
Q

Irregular heartbeat

A

Arrhythmia

-number of different causes

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15
Q

P-wave

A

activation/depolarization of the atria= contraction o the atria that pushes blood into the ventricles

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16
Q

QRS comples

A

ventricular contraction/depolarization

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17
Q

T-wave

A

Re-polarization of the ventricles

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18
Q

Difference between P-wave and QRS complex

A
  • ventricular contraction is much more forceful a contraction
  • QRS complex hides the re-polarization of the atria
  • re-polarize atria at the same time
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19
Q

BP is higher..

A

in systemic circulation

-aorta, large arteries, small arteries arterioles

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20
Q

BP is lower

A

in systemic circulation
-capillaries, venules, small veins, large veins, venae cavae
in pulmonary circulation
-pulmonary arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, pulmonary veins

21
Q

Respiratory System

A

responsible for exchange of O2 and CO2 between air and blood

22
Q

COnducting portion

A

nose to bronchioles

23
Q

Respiratory Portion

A

actual gas exchange between bronchioles and alveoli

24
Q

Contraction and Expansion of Thoracic Cage

A
  • high pressure to low pressure gradient
  • must elevate rib cage
  • contraction of intercostals and diaphragm
25
Q

Accessory Muscles

A

Inspiration- sternocleido mastoid, serratus anterior, pec minor, scalenes (increase chest cavity size)
Expiration- transverse thoracis, obliques, rectus abdominus (compress abdominal cavity)

26
Q

Acute CV response to Resistance Training

A

^ CO, SV, HR, O2 uptake, SBP, BF to active muscles

-largely dependent on intensity and volume of exercise, muscle involvement, rest period length

27
Q

When is SBP highest?

A

Sticking point
accluding blood flow
-valsalva manoeuvre

28
Q

When are CO, SV, & HR highest?

A

at the end of exercise

29
Q

Reactive hyperemia

A

^ BF after exercise is finished

30
Q

Chronic CV responses to RT

A

-Resting HR, no change or decrease
(sedentary more change than fit person)
-Resting BP no change or decrease slightly
(sedentary more change than fit person)
-SV increases in absolute magnitude
-Cholesterol & LDLs may not change or slightly decrease while HDL’s may increase

31
Q

Chronic CV Responses to RT

A

not effective in improving VO2 max

  • no change in capillary density
  • no O2 extraction improvement
  • very high blood lactate concentrations
  • low intensity high volume training may increase capillarization and improve O2 extraction
32
Q

What type of RT may improve O2 extraction

A 
cross fit 
plyos 
circuit training 
aerobic 
endurance training
33
Q

Chronic Ventilatory Response to RT

A
  • unaffected or only moderately improved by anaerobic training
  • tidal volume increases
  • breathing frequency increase
  • improved ventilation efficiency (how much O2 we get out of each breath)
34
Q

Acute CV response to Aerobic Training

A

^CO, SV, HR, SBP, BF to active muscles, decrease DBP

35
Q

Stroke Volume

A

regulated by teh end diastolic volume and action of catechoamines (epi, norepi, dopamine, ^BP&HR, fight or flight response)
-amount of blood available to pump @end of diastole

36
Q

Frank Starling Mechanism

A

force of contraction is a function of the length of the fibres of the muscle wall
-more blood returning to heart=more stretching of wall=^contraction force

37
Q

What muscles are suppressed during exercise?

A
  • digestive & immune system
  • blood flow to active muscles is increased by dilation of local arterioles, but decreased to other organ system via constriction of arterioles
38
Q

Acute Respiratory Response to Aerobic Training

A

^O2 delivery to tissues, CO2 return to lungs, minute ventilation (frequency and tidal volume) and diffusion capacities

39
Q

Breathing rate at rest

A

12-15 breaths per minute

40
Q

Breathing rate during exercise

A

35-45 breaths/min

41
Q

Chronic Responses to Aerobic Training

A
  • ^max CO & VO2max
  • slower resting and submax HR
  • increased capillarization
  • improved ventilation efficiency
  • increased O2 extraction
  • OBLA occurring at higher percentage of aerobic capacity
42
Q

OBLA

A

Onset of blood lactate accumulation

  • ^ during ^duration and intensity of aerobic metabolism
  • more lactate being produced than what is being removed
43
Q

Altitude Acute Physiological Changes

A

-hyperventilation
-increased HR
-increased CO
@ >1200m

44
Q

Acclimatization effects

A
  • rates return to normal
  • ^RBC production, ^ Hb
  • ^ O2 diffusing capacity
  • ^capillarization
  • pH balance
  • acclimatization is VERY important 10-14 days
45
Q

Hyperoxic Breathing

A

breathing O2 rich gas mixtures during rest or following exercise

  • ^amount of O2 carried by blood
  • likely more helpful for individuals at higher altitudes or those with respiratory illnesses/disorders
  • help ^SpO2% @ sea level SpO2 is already high
46
Q

Blood Doping- how to

A

artificially increases RBC mass

  • infusion of own RBC
  • infusion of someone else’s RBC
  • EO erythropoetin (stimulates RBC production)
47
Q

Effects of Blood doping

A
  • Max O2 uptake increases

- improved altitude performance, thermoregulation (heat and cold stress) due to more O2 carrying capacity

48
Q

Risks of Blood Doping

A 
flu like symptoms 
^BP
Stroke 
heart attack
thrombosis 
pulmonary embolism 
it is also ILLEGAL

Strength Training (7 decks)

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