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Semiology second semester > Lecture 3 cv > Flashcards

Lecture 3 cv Flashcards

1
Q

CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY

A
  1. INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY
  2. RHYTHMOLOGY
  3. CARDIAC REHABILITATION
  4. ACUTE CARDIAC CARE
  5. CARDIOLOGY IMAGING
  6. CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
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2
Q

CARDIOVASCULAR ASSESMENT

“FIVE FINGER APPROACH”

A
  1. ANAMNESIS
  2. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
  3. ECG
  4. CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
  5. LABORATORY TESTS
  6. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
  7. LABORATORY TESTS
  8. CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
  9. CARDIAC CT
  10. CARDIAC MRI
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3
Q

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM SEMIOLOGY

SYMPTOMS

A
  • DISPNOEA
  • PALPITATIONS
  • PAIN
  • SYNCOPE
  • COUGH
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4
Q

CARDIAC CAUSE DISPNOEA

A
  1. APPEARANCE CONDITIONS
  2. WHICH PERIOD OF BREATH IS AFFECTED
  3. RESPIRATORY RATE
  4. OTHER ACOMPANYING SYMPTOMS
  5. RELIEF CONDITIONS
  6. ALTE SIMPTOME CARDIACE CE
    PRECED / INSOTESC / URMEAZA
  7. REAPPEARANCE CONDITIONS
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5
Q

CARDIAC DISPNOEA

APPEARANCE CONDITIONS

A
  • AT EFFORT
  • AT REST
  • CONTINOUS - ORTHOPNEEA
  • PAROXYSMAL – ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
  • CARDIAC ASTHMA
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6
Q

CARDIAC DISPNOEA
CONDITIONS OF APPEARANCE
NYHA CLASSIFICATION

A

NYHA CLASSIFICATION

GRD. I - BIG EFFORT (WALKING FAST)
GRD. II - MEDIUM EFFORT (WALKING ON PLANE
SURFACE)

GRD. III - SMALL EFFORTS (DRESSING, PERSONAL
MORNING HYGENE)
GRD. IV - AT REST (ORTHOPNEA)

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7
Q

PALPITATIONS

A

SUBJECTIVE SENSATION CONSISTING OF CONSCIOUS PERCEPTION OF THE HEART BEATS

PHYSICAL EXAM

NOTHING
VERY SEVERE

AIM OF EXAM: TO PERCIEVE THE RHYTHM DISTURBANCE

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8
Q

PALPITATIONS

OBJECTIVES -ANAMNESIS

A
  1. ONSET: SUDDEN OR PROGRESSIVE, EFFORT
  2. CAHRACTHER: REGULAR OR IREGULAR RATE
  3. RATE: SUBJECTIVE OR MEASURED
  4. DURATION
  5. ACCOMPANYING PHENOMENA.
  6. CONDITIONS OF CESSATION.
  7. PHYSICAL EXAM WHITH OBJECTIVE PROOF OF ARHYTHMIA.
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9
Q

CARDIAC PAIN

A
  1. CONDITIONS OF APPEARANCE
  2. LOCATION
  3. INTENSITY
  4. DURATION
  5. IRRADIATION
  6. CONDITIONS OF CHANGE
  7. DISPARITION, REAPARRITION AND ACCOMPANYING PHENOMENA.
  • STABLE ANGINA.
  • ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
  • “ ATRIAL ITCH “ (VAQUEZ)
  • HEART FAILURE
  • AORTIC DISEASES
  • PULMONARY EMBOLISM & INFARCTION
  • INTERMITANT CALUDICATION
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10
Q

CHEST PAIN IN STABLE ANGINA

USSUALLY

A
  1. APPEARANCE: EFFORT
  2. LOCATION: RETROSTERNAL ON A LARGE AREA
  3. INTENSITY: SMALL -MEDIUM
  4. DURATION: ≤ 10 minuteS
  5. IRRADIATION: LEFT ARM
  6. CONDTIONS OF CHANGE: NITROGLYCERIN
  7. DISAPEARANCE REPEAT: EFFORT STOP, USSUALLY AT THE SAME EFFORT.
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11
Q

CHEST PAIN IN A.C.S.

USUALLY

A
  1. APPEARANCE: EFFORT – REST
  2. LOCATION: RETROSTERANL ON A LARGE AREA
  3. INTENSITY: MEDIUM – HIGH.
  4. DURATION: 20 - 30 minutes or MORE
  5. IRRADIATION: LEFT ARM
  6. ALLECIATION CONDIT.: NOT NITROGLYCERYN
  7. CESSATION, REPEAT: MORPHINE, IV.NTG ,
    TRIGGERS SHOCK , CARDIAC SIGNS
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12
Q

CHEST PAIN IN ATRIAL ITCH

A
  1. APPEARANCE: EFFORT or left atrial overload
  2. LOCATION: LEFT - INTERSCAPULOVERTEBRAL
  3. INTENSITY: MEDIUM
  4. DURATION: HOURS or DAYS
  5. IRRADIATION: NO
  6. MODIFICATION CONDITIONS: increases in inspiration
  7. CESSATION , : DISAPPEARS WHEN ATRIAL
    OVERLOAD DECREASES, IT’S REPRODUCIBLE.
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13
Q

PAIN IN HEART FAILURE

A
  1. APPEARANCE: EFFORT or REST
  2. LOCATION: RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT EPIGASTRIUM
  3. INTENSITY: VARIABLE
  4. DURATION : hours or days
  5. IRRADIATION: SOMETIMES POSTERIOR
  6. CHANGE CONDITIONS: PALPATION OR DEEP INSPIRATION
  7. DISAPPEARANCE, REPEAT: WHEN STASIS DECREASES.
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14
Q

CHEST PAIN IN AORTIC DISSECTION

A
  1. APPEARANCE: SUDDEN
  2. LOCATION : RETROSTERNAL, LARGE AREA
  3. INTENSITY: HIGH
  4. DURATION: 20-30MINUTES OR MORE.
  5. IRRADIATION: POSTERIOR OR DOWNWARDS
  6. CONDITIONS OF CHANGE: NOT NITROGLYCERIN
  7. DISAPPEARANCE, REPEAT:
    - MORPHINE
    - SHOCK GENERATING
    - CARDIAC SIGNS.
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15
Q

CHEST PAIN IN APE AND PULMONARY INFARCTION

A
  1. APPEARANCE : SUDDEN
  2. LOCATION: PULMONARY AREA
  3. INTENSITY: VARIABLE
  4. DURATION : VARIABLE
  5. IRRADIATION: NO
  6. CHANGE CONDITIONS: PREFERENTIAL DECUBITUS
  7. DISPARITION, REPEAT: ANXIETY SHOCK (RIGHT HEART FAILURE PHENOMENA.
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16
Q

CHEST PAIN IN ACUTE PERICARDITIS

A
  1. APPEARANCE : SUDDEN
  2. LOCATION: RETROSTERNAL, PRECORDIAL
  3. INTENSITY: VARIABLE
  4. DURATION : HOURS-DAYS
  5. IRRADIATION: NECK, LEFT UPPER HAND
  6. CHANGE CONDITIONS: PREFERENTIAL
    DECUBITUS,DEEP INSPIRATION, ANTERIOR LEAN OF THE BODY
  7. DISPARITION, REPEAT: PAIN KILLERS, NSAIDS,
    CORTISONE
17
Q

PRESYNCOPE AND SYNCOPE

A

SYNCOPE = OBJECTIVE SYMPTOM WHICH CONSISTS IN LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS WITH PRESERVED VITAL SIGNS OR THEIR SHORT TERM ABOLITION (3-4 MINUTES).

DUE TO TEMPORARILY DECREASED CEREBRAL PERFUSION.

PRESYNCOPE = PARTIAL LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS, OR SENSATION WHICH LEADS TO SYNCOPE, BUT WITHOUT SYNCOPE.

18
Q

PRESYNCOPE AND SYNCOPE

CAUSES

A
  1. VASCULAR SYNCOPE
    - VASODILATION
    - REFLEX
    - ORTHOSTATIC
    - CAROTID SYNUS SYNDROME
  2. ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
  3. CARDIAC TAMPONADE
  4. AORTIC DISSECTION
  5. PULMONARY EMBOLISM
  6. CARDIOMYOPATHIES (HOCM)
  7. AORTIC STENOSIS
  8. TACHYARRITHMIAS ( ADAMS – STOKES )
  9. BRADYARRITHMIAS
19
Q

PRESYNCOPE AND SYNCOPE

A
  1. CONDITIONS OF APPEARANCE
  2. PRODROMAL PHASE
  3. SPECIFIC CARDIAC SYMPTOMS
  4. OBJECTIVE DATA DURING THE CRISIS – convulsions, pulse, heart sounds, breath
  5. ACCOMPANYING PHENOMENA
  6. DURATAION
  7. CONDITIONS OF REAPPEARENCE
20
Q

CARDIAC COUGH

A
  1. EFFORT
  2. DECUBITUS
  3. DRY
  4. PRODUCTIVE
  • SEROUS
  • REDDENED
  • MUCO – PURRULENT
  • HAEMOPTOIC

Semiology second semester (13 decks)

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