LECTURE 3: CULTURE

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

The way that non material objects like thoughts, action, language, and values come together with material objects t form a way of life

Question 2

Material culture

Answer 2

Anything you can touch and pic up

Question 3

Non material culture

Answer 3

Non- tangible objects
- when an entire people are lost, their non material culture is always lost but we do get some of that in material culture

Question 4

Folkways

Answer 4

• manners
• you can break folkways not against the law but sometimes can help you

Question 5

Mores

Answer 5

Rooted in morality and tends to be codified (written into law)

Ex: cheating on someone or killing someone in the military

Question 6

Taboos

Answer 6

• worse than mores
• no circumstances under which they would be ok

Question 7

Postmodernism

Answer 7

• a movement that became popular in the 70s and 80s against objectivity and believes everything is subjective and based on ones own biases so you can’t separate facts from individuals experiences

Ex: Baoudrillard believed that no part of our physical reality is actually real but its only what it means to us and how we perceive it

Princess Diana or instagram is hyper realistic

Question 8

Ubiquity of culture

Answer 8

Where we have complete control of culture and it doesn’t exist outside of us, and touches every part of our lives

A main trait of culture

Question 9

Obstinance of culture

Answer 9

• culture won’t listen to us and do what we want to; no one has control over culture

Question 10

Socialization

Answer 10

Life long process of individual learning the expected norms and customs of a group or society through social interaction

Question 11

Primary socialization

Answer 11

The passing of knowledge, beliefs, values, behaviours, norms, language, etc… forms from close family and friends

Question 12

Path dependency

Answer 12

How decisions are not made in a vacuum and how current decisions are affected by beliefs and values from the past or simply by the monument of the past

Ex: because of path dependency, old ideas about sex are still highly controversial even though there is the existence of the sex positivity movement which says society needs to accept sex as a normal part of life

Question 13

Cultural lag

Answer 13

When traditional beliefs clash with modern circumstances

Question 14

Secondary socialization

Answer 14

Popular culture and mainstream culture/ subculture and counterculture
- can lead to cognitive dissonance and loss in sense of belonging

Ex: cultural displacement or cultural diffusion

Question 15

Liquid modernity

Answer 15

How technology developments and increased cultural diffusion, all cultures is in an increasingly constant state of flux and change with no ability to impose order or stability on it

Question 16

Fake news 3 trends

Answer 16

1. Newer generations are more sceptical and critically think more
2. Increasing use of the internet and social media as sources of evidence
3. The feedback loop relationship between media, politicians, and the news

Question 17

Hegemony

Answer 17

• the social cultural ideological or economic influence exerted by a dominant group
• this concept was created to explain how the ruling class were able to control the working class without force

Developed by Antonio Gramsci

Question 18

Cultural imperialism

Answer 18

When one society’s media exert overwhelming and unilateral influence another society’s culture

Question 19

Symbolic interactionism

Answer 19

Highlights the way audiences filter and interpret media messages in context of their own interests, experiences, and values