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Neuropsychology > Lecture 3: Clinical practice 1: Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Clinical practice 1: Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which patients will be tested in neuropsychological research?

A

Cardiovasculair accident, TBI, braintumors, epilepsy, dementia, parkinson, huntington, MS

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2
Q

Which 9 domains will be tested in neuropsychological testing?

A
  1. Cognitive functioning (IQ)
  2. Memory
  3. Attention
  4. Executive functions
  5. Language
  6. Perception
  7. Spatial cognition
  8. Sensory motor skills
  9. Emotion/social cognition
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3
Q

With what incidents do neuropsychologists see children most often? (2)

A

TBI and developmental disorders

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4
Q

What are the 4 stages of the diagnostic cycle?

A
  1. Complaints analysis (interview patient/informant + medical record)
  2. Problem analysis (tests)
  3. Diagnosis (1+2)
  4. Indication for treatment
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5
Q

What 3 things would a neuropsychologist discuss in an interview with patient and informant?

A
  1. Origin, nature, course and severity of complaints
  2. Impact of complaints on daily functioning
  3. Impression of premorbid level of functioning (education, work, social)
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6
Q

A neuropsychologist is observing all the time when seeing a patient. Which 5 aspects does she pay attention to?

A
  1. Physical appearance
  2. Contact
  3. Language, memory, attention
  4. Awareness of illness and insight into own functioning
  5. Mood and motivation
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7
Q

What are 7 types of tests and questionnaires a neuropsychologist can administer?

A
  1. Screening tests
  2. Standardised test batteries
  3. Tests on one cognitive function
  4. Behavioral neurological tests
  5. Self-assessment questionnaires
  6. Informant questionnaires
  7. Observation scales
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8
Q

What are 2 categories of scientific research in neuropsychology?

A
  1. Fundamental neuropsychological research: achieve better understanding of cognitive disorders and related brain structures
  2. Clinically oriented neuropsychological research: focus on classification, test instruments and treatment
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9
Q

What is the main limitation of research focused on clinical issues?

A

The value of conclusions is largely dependent on the quality of the tests and questionnaires used.

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10
Q

What do we mean with feedback from system? Why is that important?

A

Hear stories about patient from spouses and family of patient

Important because some patients aren’t aware of their problems

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11
Q

What is an important additional question to ask someone in an interview?

A

Ask about the quality of sleep

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12
Q

What are important clues of physical appearance? Give 3 examples

A

Memory problems, inhibition problems, motivation

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13
Q

What is a side effect of doing tests in the clinic?

A

The tests are standardized, but it can be that standardized that the problem can appear to be different when in the lab compared to a natural setting

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14
Q

Why aren’t neuropsychological test held online?

A

Because there’s no observation possible

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15
Q

What are 4 important aspects of reporting after the interpretation?

A
  1. Professional code
  2. Verbal statement
  3. Written statement
  4. Monodisciplinar and multidisciplinar
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16
Q

What is the difference in application of fixed and flexible test batteries?

A

Fixed: the same for all patients, good to use in scientific research

Flexible: adapt battery on the basis of previous findings in the patient

17
Q

Give an advantage and disadvantage of computerized tasks in neuropsychological assessment

A

Advantage: standardization, accurate recording of responses

Disadvantage: lack of qualitative observations, some people don’t know how to use it

18
Q

What is Cohen’s kappa?

A

The degree of correspondence between results of different researchers (interrater reliability)

19
Q

What is face validity?

A

The extent to which a test initially seems to measure what it’s supposed to measure

20
Q

What is content validity?

A

The extent to which a test is representative of the topic that is to be measured

21
Q

What is construct validity?

A

The extent to which result of a test actually reflects the construct

22
Q

What is criterion validity? What are the 2 subtypes?

A

The extent to which a test can predict the performance of a patient with regard to an external criterion

  1. Predictive validity: if test predicts actual behavior
  2. Concurrent validity: difference between neuropsychological test and tool that aims to measure the same criterion
23
Q

What are 3 types of designs in a single-case study?

A
  1. Compare scores of patient to normative group scores
  2. Intra-individual research (pre/post intervention)
  3. Compare patient to healthy matched control
24
Q

Why are single case studies used?

A

Because each patient is unique and the same damage in different patients doesn’t mean the same impairment

25
Q

What are treatment studies?

A

Pre-measurement - treatment - post measurement

Effect of treatment is demonstrated by significant difference between pre-measurement and post-measurement

26
Q

What is a multiple baseline design? To what issue does it offer a solution?

A

Several pre-measurements. If no improvement is shown by these pre-measurements, the effect following treatment can be more clearly attributed to the treatment than to spontaneous recovery

Solution to confound of spontaneous recovery

27
Q

What is a cross-over design?

A

After pre measurement, patient is trained in certain function

After interim measurement, patient is trained in different function

Post measurement: if training sessions are specific to each of the two functions, progress should be seen after the first training session only with regard to first function

28
Q

What is item specific training?

A

Training has been studied in which the effect is determined by looking at items that were used during the training and at items that were not used during training.

If after the treatment, performance is improved only on items that were used during training, an item-specific effect is involved

29
Q

What is the MoCA test?

A

Montreal Cognitive Assessment test: it’s a screening test to measure cognitive deterioration (e.g. memory)

Neuropsychology (16 decks)

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