Lecture 3: Clinical practice 1: Chapter 2 Flashcards
Which patients will be tested in neuropsychological research?
Cardiovasculair accident, TBI, braintumors, epilepsy, dementia, parkinson, huntington, MS
Which 9 domains will be tested in neuropsychological testing?
- Cognitive functioning (IQ)
- Memory
- Attention
- Executive functions
- Language
- Perception
- Spatial cognition
- Sensory motor skills
- Emotion/social cognition
With what incidents do neuropsychologists see children most often? (2)
TBI and developmental disorders
What are the 4 stages of the diagnostic cycle?
- Complaints analysis (interview patient/informant + medical record)
- Problem analysis (tests)
- Diagnosis (1+2)
- Indication for treatment
What 3 things would a neuropsychologist discuss in an interview with patient and informant?
- Origin, nature, course and severity of complaints
- Impact of complaints on daily functioning
- Impression of premorbid level of functioning (education, work, social)
A neuropsychologist is observing all the time when seeing a patient. Which 5 aspects does she pay attention to?
- Physical appearance
- Contact
- Language, memory, attention
- Awareness of illness and insight into own functioning
- Mood and motivation
What are 7 types of tests and questionnaires a neuropsychologist can administer?
- Screening tests
- Standardised test batteries
- Tests on one cognitive function
- Behavioral neurological tests
- Self-assessment questionnaires
- Informant questionnaires
- Observation scales
What are 2 categories of scientific research in neuropsychology?
- Fundamental neuropsychological research: achieve better understanding of cognitive disorders and related brain structures
- Clinically oriented neuropsychological research: focus on classification, test instruments and treatment
What is the main limitation of research focused on clinical issues?
The value of conclusions is largely dependent on the quality of the tests and questionnaires used.
What do we mean with feedback from system? Why is that important?
Hear stories about patient from spouses and family of patient
Important because some patients aren’t aware of their problems
What is an important additional question to ask someone in an interview?
Ask about the quality of sleep
What are important clues of physical appearance? Give 3 examples
Memory problems, inhibition problems, motivation
What is a side effect of doing tests in the clinic?
The tests are standardized, but it can be that standardized that the problem can appear to be different when in the lab compared to a natural setting
Why aren’t neuropsychological test held online?
Because there’s no observation possible
What are 4 important aspects of reporting after the interpretation?
- Professional code
- Verbal statement
- Written statement
- Monodisciplinar and multidisciplinar
What is the difference in application of fixed and flexible test batteries?
Fixed: the same for all patients, good to use in scientific research
Flexible: adapt battery on the basis of previous findings in the patient
Give an advantage and disadvantage of computerized tasks in neuropsychological assessment
Advantage: standardization, accurate recording of responses
Disadvantage: lack of qualitative observations, some people don’t know how to use it
What is Cohen’s kappa?
The degree of correspondence between results of different researchers (interrater reliability)
What is face validity?
The extent to which a test initially seems to measure what it’s supposed to measure
What is content validity?
The extent to which a test is representative of the topic that is to be measured
What is construct validity?
The extent to which result of a test actually reflects the construct
What is criterion validity? What are the 2 subtypes?
The extent to which a test can predict the performance of a patient with regard to an external criterion
- Predictive validity: if test predicts actual behavior
- Concurrent validity: difference between neuropsychological test and tool that aims to measure the same criterion
What are 3 types of designs in a single-case study?
- Compare scores of patient to normative group scores
- Intra-individual research (pre/post intervention)
- Compare patient to healthy matched control
Why are single case studies used?
Because each patient is unique and the same damage in different patients doesn’t mean the same impairment
