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BIO 241 [Exam #1] > Lecture #3 - Cell Structure > Flashcards

Lecture #3 - Cell Structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

________ cells are the basic functional units of the body

A

animal

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2
Q

Name the principal parts of animal cells

A
  • plasma membrane
  • cytoplasm and organelles
  • nucleus
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3
Q

What does a collection of organelles and cytosol give rise to? Define it

A

cytoplasm: semi-fluid material; the entire content within the cell membrane (contains organelles and cytosol)

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4
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria? By what process does it carry out its function?

A
  • site of energy production (ATP)
  • aerobic cellular respiration
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5
Q

Describe the mitrochondria structure

A
  • double membrane: inner and outer membrane
  • two spaces: intermembranous space (between the inner and outer membrane) and the matrix (central area, fluid)
  • cristae: folding of the inner membrane; increases surface area for reactions
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6
Q

What is a cristae and where is it located?

A

inner membrane of mitochondria is folded into a cristae in order to increase surface area for reactions

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7
Q

Which organelle’s function is to make (synthesize) proteins?

A

ribosomes

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8
Q

Ribosomes are found ________ in the cytoplasm or associated with the __________ ___________ ________.

A

free
rough endoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

____ types of ______ are involved in protein synthesis

A

3
RNA

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10
Q

What are the functions of the different types of RNA found in the ribosome?

A
  • mRNA: takes genetic info to ribosome so protein can be made
  • tRNA: carry amino acids
  • rRNA: forms a part of the ribosome
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11
Q

Describe Ribosomes

A
  • very small, made of 2 subunits
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12
Q

Name the 2 locations ribosomes are found in the cell?

A
  • free in cytoplasm
  • rough ER
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13
Q

What two membranes is the ER connected to?

A
  • nuclear membrane
  • plasma membrane
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14
Q

Compare the Rough ER from the Smooth ER

A

Rough ER

  • ribosomes on the surface
  • site of protein synthesis for the proteins transported to the golgi complex

Smooth Er

  • no ribosomes on the surface
  • several functions (depending on cell); lipid synthesis
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15
Q

Cavities within the __________ _________ are called ___________

A

golgi complex
cisternae

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16
Q

Name the 2 sides of the Golgi and how each side is different from the other

A

cis side: receives cell products (proteins) from the rough ER

trans side: vesicles exit and transported to cell surface for secretion of contents

17
Q

Describe the Golgi Complex

A
  • stacks of hollow, flattened sacks; cavities called cisternae
  1. The cis side of Golgi receives proteins from the rough ER
  2. Proteins chemically modified in cisternae
  3. Proteins packaged into vesicles
  4. Vesicles bud off from trans side
  5. transported to cell surface for secretion of contenets
18
Q

T or F: Most animal cells are multinucleated

A

F

19
Q

Most cells have ______ nucleus. There is an exception. ___________ _________ cells are ___________ and ___________ _________ ____________ cells have ______ __________.

A

one
Skeletal muscle, multinucleated
mature red blood, no nucleus

20
Q

What is contained within the nucleus?

A

DNA and genes (+ nucleolus)

21
Q

Define a gene

A

a segment of DNA strand that codes for a specific protein (genes make up proteins)

22
Q

Define the nucleolus

A

darker region within the nucleus that is not surrounded by a membrane

contains DNA that codes for the production of rRNA

23
Q

What contains DNA that codes for the production of rRNA?

A

nucleolus

24
Q

What is the relationship between DNA and a gene

A

genes are segments of the DNA strand

25
Q

Describe the process in which DNA becomes a chromosome

A

DNA wraps around histone protein -> several wrapped histones = nucleosome -> several nucleosomes = chromatin -> chromosome

26
Q

What makes up the plasma membrane?

A

phospholipid barrier between the intracellular and extracellular environment (bilayer)

27
Q

In the phospholipid bilayer located in the plasma membrane, many substance are _________ allowed to pass through protein channels

A

selectively

28
Q

The nucleus is enclosed by the ___________ _______ that is made of ______ membranes.

What are these membranes?

A

nuclear envelope
2

  • inner membrane
  • outer membrane: continuous with rough ER

BIO 241 [Exam #1] (5 decks)

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