Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CELS191 - Ruby > lecture 3 - cell building blocks > Flashcards

lecture 3 - cell building blocks Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Ruby on Rails flashcards
1
Q

What are the four types of biological molecules, in order of structure?

A

Building blocks, macromolecules, supramolecular assemblies, organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the biological building blocks?

A

Amino acids, nucleotides/nucleobases, simple carbohydrates, glycerol, fatty acids and hydrocarbon rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the types of macromolecule?

A

proteins, DNA and RNA (nucleic acids), complex carbohydrates, lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the general structure of a macromolecule?

A

Generally made up of smaller units (monomers) that are joined by covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two types of macromolecule, in terms of structure?

A

Polymeric and non-polymeric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the name for complex carbohydrates?

A

Polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the four ‘levels’ of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysachharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

The single unit/monomer of carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the characteristic of hexose monosaccharides?

A

They have 6 carbons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the characteristic of pentose monosaccharides?

A

They have 5 carbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two key pentose monosaccharides?

A

Deoxyribose and Ribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Two monosaccharides joined together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the disaccharide formed from glucose and fructose?

A

Sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many monosaccharides make up oligosaccharides?

A

3 to 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two major plant carbohydrates?

A

Starch and cellulose/fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the animal carbohydrate?

A

Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the functions of carbohydrates? (3)

A

Recognition, energy, structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the recognition function of carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrates are found on the surface of cells and are able to recognise toxins, proteins and bacteria, as well as communicate with neighbouring cells.

Energy, structure, communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the energy function of carbohydrates?

A

Energy is stored in plant or animal polysaccharides and can be utilised by the body when broken down by enzymes.

20
Q

What is the structure function of carbohydrates?

A

Cellulose is found the cell wall of plant cells, providing shape and structure

21
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

To store and transfer genetic information.

22
Q

What is the function of RNA?

A

To code for amino acids and act as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes, in order to make proteins.

23
Q

What is the structure of a nucleotide?

A

Phosphate, sugar and base

24
Q

What type of sugar is found in DNA nucleotides?

A

Deoxyribose

25
Q

What type of sugar is found in RNA nucleotides?

A

Ribose

26
Q

What are the bases found in DNA?

A

A, T, G, C

27
Q

What are the bases found in RNA?

A

G, C, A, U

28
Q

What is the structural difference between deoxyribose and ribose?

A

Deoxyribose has 2 hydroxyl groups, while ribose has 3 hydroxyl groups.

29
Q

What is the structure of a polynucleotide strand?

A

A sugar phosphate backbone with bases coming off it.

30
Q

What is the structure of the sugar phosphate backbone?

A

Alternating sugar and phosphate groups, joined by phosphodiester bonds

31
Q

What is the structure of RNA?

A

A single linear polynucelotide strand

32
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

Two polynucleotides strands with bases paired up to form a double helix shape.

33
Q

What is a protein?

A

A molecule by which cells perform functions, inside the cell and on an intracellular level.

34
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

35
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

36
Q

What is the structure of an amino acid?

A

Central carbon, amine group, carboxylate group, hydrogen, ‘R’ side chain

37
Q

How do amino acids differ?

A

Based on the ‘R’ group/side chain

38
Q

Where are proteins made?

A

In the ribosome

39
Q

What are the chemical characteristics of lipids?

A

Hydrophobic and non-polar

40
Q

What is the scientific name for ‘fats’?

A

Triacylglycerols

41
Q

What are the functions of lipids? (3)

A

structure, regulation, energy

42
Q

What is the structural function of lipids?

A

Choleserol and phospholipids make up the cell membrane. The hydrophopbic part of these lipids is buried within the membrane.

43
Q

What is the overall structure of a phospholipid?

A

A hydrophilic head (glycerol, phosphate, etc.) and hydrophobic tails of fatty acids

44
Q

What is the regulatory function of lipids (specifically cholesterol)?

A

Choleresterol gives rise to testosterone, which in turn gives rise to estradiol. These chemicals/hormones regulate various parts of body function.

45
Q

What is the energy function of lipids?

A

Fats store energy which the body can gain from food.

46
Q

Are deoxyribose and ribose pentose or hexose monosaccharides?

A

pentose

47
Q

What type of molecule is cholesterol?

A

Steroid

CELS191 - Ruby (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions