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Cardio > Lecture 3: Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Define systole

A

Ejection = pump

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2
Q

Define diastole

A

“Dilation” = fill

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3
Q

What phases of cardiac cycle occur during systole?

A

IVC
Isovolumetric contraction

VE
Ventricular ejection

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4
Q

What phases of the cardiac cycle occur during diastole?

A

IVR
Isovolumetric relaxation

VF
Ventricular filling

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5
Q

When does the mitral valve open and close?

A

Opens = VF

Closes = IVC

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6
Q

When does the aortic valve open and close?

A

Opens = VE

Closes = IVR

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7
Q

When are both valves closed?

A

IVC

IVR

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8
Q

When does S1 occur?

A

Systole

IVC

Mitral valve closed
Aortic valve closed

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9
Q

When does S2 occur?

A

Diastole

IVR

Aortic valve closed
Mitral valve closed

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10
Q

Define valve event that defines start of each phase of cardiac cycle

A

Mitral closes = IVC

Aortic opens = VE

Aortic closes = IVR

Mitral opens = VF

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11
Q

What is an equation for stroke volume?

A

EDV - ESV = SV

End diastolic vol. - end systolic vol.

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12
Q

What are the 3 sub-phases of ventricular filling?

A

Rapid filling

Slow filling (diastasis)

Atrial systole

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13
Q

When does peak SP occur?

A

Ventricular ejection

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14
Q

When does end-systolic pressure (ESP) occur?

A

IVR

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15
Q

When is end diastolic pressure?

A

IVC

Start of QRS

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16
Q

How do left ventricular pressure (LVP) compare to aortic pressure (AoP) during VE and VF?

A

Ventricular ejection:
LVP > AoP
(To push blood to flow forward)

Ventricular filling:
LVP < AoP
(To close valve)

17
Q

Write an equation for mean aortic pressure

A

Mean AoP = DP + 1/3 (SP - DP)

= DP + 1/3 (PP)

18
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

PP = SP - DP

19
Q

What is the aortic pressure at aortic valve closure?

A

AoP @AC = DP + 2/3 (SP - DP)
= DP + 2/3 (PP)
= End systolic pressure (ESP)

20
Q

What is DP on wiggers?

A

Diastolic pressure - when aortic valve opens

@ start of VE

21
Q

What does y descent depict?

A

Blood rushing into ventricle, resulting in drop of pressure of left atrium

22
Q

When can S3 and S4 sounds be heard?

A

Diastole, ventricular filling

Rapid filling = S3

Atrial systole = S4

23
Q

Describe asynchrony of semilunar valve closure

A

Aortic valve closure BEFORE pulmonic closure

This is why during INSPIRATION, two S2 sounds can be distinguished

24
Q

Describe paradoxical splitting of S2 sounds

A

Pulmonic (P2) precedes aortic (A2) component because the aortic part is occurring late

25
Q

When is the time interval for mitral valve closure (S1)?

A

MC occurs when LVP exceeds LAP @ end of ventricular filling

26
Q

What is the time interval for aortic valve opening?

A

AO occurs when LVP exceeds AoP at end of IVC

AKA diastolic pressure (DP)

27
Q

What is the time interval for aortic valve closure (S2)?

A

AC occurs when LVP falls below AoP at end of ventricular ejection

28
Q

What is the time interval for mitral valve opening?

A

MO occurs when LVP falls below LAP at end of IVR

29
Q

How do you calculate ejection fraction?

A 
ejection fraction (EF)
= SV/EDV

Typical value is 2/3

30
Q

What are the coordinates for MC (S1) on PV loop?

A

@ lower right:

x = LVEDV
Y = LVEDP
31
Q

What are the coordinates for AO on PV loop?

A

At upper right:

X = LVEDV
Y = DP
32
Q

What are the coordinates for AC (S2) on PV loop?

A

@upper left:

X= LVESV
Y = LVESP = DP + 2/3 (SP-DP)
33
Q

What are the coordinates for MO on PV loop?

A

@ lower left:

X = LVESV
Y = peak of v wave
34
Q

What pressures are measured with a BP cuff?

A

Aorta

LV

35
Q

What pressure are measured with right heart catheterization?

A

RA

RV

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary capillary wedge

36
Q

What pressure is measured with jugular venous pressure (JVP)?

A

RAP

Cardio (8 decks)

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