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CELS191 > Lecture 3: Building Blocks of Cells > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Building Blocks of Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 building blocks?

A 
Amino acids
Nucleobases
Simple Carbohydrates
Glycerol, fatty acids
Hydrocarbon Rings
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2
Q

What are the 5 Macromolecules?

A 
Proteins
DNA
RNA
Complex Carbohydrates
Lipids
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3
Q

What are the 3 supramolecular assemblies?

A

Membranes
Ribosomes
Chromatin

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4
Q

What are the 4 Organelles?

A

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Golgi
ER

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5
Q

What are Macromolecules?

A 
Organic biological molecules
that are necessary for life. Made up of smaller units called
building blocks (or
monomers) that are joined by
covalent (chemically strong)
bonds
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6
Q

All life is composed of mainly of the four macromolecules, what are they?

A

Polysaccharides
Nucleic Acid
Proteins
Lipids

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7
Q

What are the 4 levels of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides

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8
Q

What are the three Hexose Monosaccharides?

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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9
Q

What are the two pentose Monosaccharides?

A

Deoxyribose

Ribose

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10
Q

What are the three Disaccharides?

A

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

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11
Q

What is Sucrose made up of?

A

Glucose and Fructose

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12
Q

What is Lactose made up of?

A

Galactose and Glucose

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13
Q

What is Maltose made up of?

A

Glucose and Glucose

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14
Q

How many monosaccharides make oligosaccharides?

A

Three to approx. 10 monosaccharides?

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15
Q

How many monosaccharides linked together make polysaccharides?

A

More than 10 linked together

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16
Q

What are four polysaccharides?

A

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Amylose

17
Q

Functions of Carbohydrates

A

Recogniton
Energy
Structure

18
Q

Contractile Protein:

A

Actin and myosin: muscle protein

19
Q

Structural protein:

A

Collagen: Protein in the skin

20
Q

Regulatory Protein:

A

Insulin

21
Q

Transport Protein:

A

Haemoglobin - Oxygen

Cytochrome C - Electron

22
Q

Protective Protein

A

Antibodies (B cells T cells)

23
Q

Toxic Proteins:

A

Botulinum Toxin, Diphtheria toxin

24
Q

What are Lipids? What are 5 Lipids?

A

Hydrophoblic (NOT polymers)

  • Tricylglycerols (Fats)
  • Steroids
  • Phospholipids
  • Glycolipids
  • Fat soluble vitamins
25
Q

Function of Lipids:

A

Structural
Regulatory
Energy

CELS191 (35 decks)

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