Lecture 3 - Building Blocks: DNA, RNA, and Proteins Flashcards
What three components are needed for transcription?
DNA template, ribonucleotides, and an enzyme (RNA pol) are all needed.
Which strand (sense or antisense) is read by RNA polymerase?
Anti-Sense
What is a transcription bubble? How is it formed?
A transcription bubble is an open complex within DNA that is being transcribed that allows for it to be read. It is formed by enzymatic denaturing.
What are incorporated during elongation in order to make an RNA strand?
Ribonucleoside Triphosphates (rNTPs)
Between which two atoms is the phosphodiester bond made during RNA polymerization?
It is formed between the free 3’ hydroxyl of the 3’ end and the alpha phosphate (first phosphate closest to the ribose) of the incoming rNTP.
Which type or RNA is translated into proteins?
mRNA
What does the shape of proteins tend to dictate?
Function
How many amino acids are there?
20
What are the two isomers of amino acids? Which is the main one in living organisms?
D-isomers and L-isomers
L-isomers are the main component in living organisms.
What 4 chemical entities are bound to the alpha carbon in an amino acid?
An amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a side chain (R group) are all bound to the alpha carbon.
Which amino acid contain a sulfhydrl group that can be used to form disulfide bridges?
Cysteine
Which amino acid has a single hydrogen atom as its R group? What does this allow for structurally?
Glycine
This allows for the protein to form very sharp turns.
Which amino acid has a rigid ring structure, making it very inflexible?
Proline
What process are tRNA important for?
Translation
What is made out of rRNA?
Ribosomes
