Lecture 3: Bones, Bone Formation and Features

Question 1

what bones are considered axial?

Answer 1

skull, vertebrae, costal bones, sternum complex and hyoid bone

Question 2

what bones are considered appendicular?

Answer 2

clavicles, scapulae, pelvic bones and upper+lower extremity bones

Question 3

what are the 6 bone classifications?

Answer 3

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid and sutural

Question 4

describe the epiphysis

Answer 4

expanded end of long bones that is covered in hyaline cartilage

Question 5

describe the metaphysis

Answer 5

sits between the epiphysis and diaphysis and is the active growth zone in young bones

Question 6

describe the diaphysis

Answer 6

tubular main shaft made of thick compact bone exterior with a thin trabecular and medullary cavity interior

Question 7

what are the layers of a short bone from exterior to interior?

Answer 7

periosteum sheets > compact bone > trabecular bone + endosteum > marrow

Question 8

name the three bony projections from smallest to largest

Answer 8

tubercle, tuberosity and trachanter

Question 9

name the three bony lines from smallest to largest

Answer 9

line, ridge and crest

Question 10

define the bony feature ‘spine’

Answer 10

sharp, slender projection of bone to allow for muscle and ligament attachment

Question 11

define the bony feature ‘condyle’

Answer 11

an articular prominence of a bone

Question 12

define the bony feature ‘epicondyle’

Answer 12

prominence above the condyle that attaches connective tissue to bone

Question 13

define the term ‘fossa’

Answer 13

a shallow depression in bone

Question 14

define the term ‘foramen’

Answer 14

an opening/hole in bone

Question 15

define the term ‘notch’

Answer 15

an indentation on the edge of a bone