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HMI102 ANATOMY > Lecture 1: Cells, Tissue and Body Organisation > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Cells, Tissue and Body Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

What does the microscope term ‘Magnification’ refer to?

A

The microscopes power to increase an objects apparent size

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of The Cell Theory?

A
  1. All living things are composed of one or more cells
  2. Cells are organisms’ basic structural and functional units
  3. Cells come only from pre-existing cells
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3
Q

What are the Major Structures/Organelles of a Cell?

A

Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Microfilaments, Peroxisomes, Centromeres, Microtubules, Chromatin, Cytoplasm, Cilia, Villi, Microvilli

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4
Q

What makes up a Cell Membrane?

A

Phospholipid Bilayer, Proteins

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5
Q

Is the ‘Head’ of the Phospholipid Bilayer Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic?

A

Hydrophilic

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6
Q

Is the ‘Tail’ of the Phospholipid Bilayer Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic?

A

Hydrophobic

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7
Q

What is the role of the Cell Membrane?

A

Regulate movement in/out of the cell

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8
Q

What are the 4 categories of Tissue?

A

Epithelium
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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9
Q

What are the three types of epithelial tissue?

A

Squamous, Cuboidal and Columnar

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10
Q

What characteristic does Squamous epithelium have?

A

flat

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11
Q

What characteristic does cuboidal epithelium have?

A

Square shaped

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12
Q

what characteristic does columnar epithelium have?

A

Elongated/rectangular

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13
Q

What are the Three layer terms for epithelium?

A

Simple, Stratified and Pseudostratified

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14
Q

what is simple epithelium?

A

one layer of cells

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15
Q

what is stratified epithelium?

A

more than one layer of cells

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16
Q

what is psuedostratified epithelium?

A

one layer of cells that look like more than one layer due to nuclei not lining up

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17
Q

what are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

skeletal, cardiac and smooth

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18
Q

what are the 4 main cavities of the torso?

A

Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis and Spinal

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19
Q

what plane passes through the middle of the body anterior-posteriorly?

A

mid-sagittal plane

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20
Q

what plane passes through the body anterior-posterior that is not median?

A

sagittal

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21
Q

what plane passes through the body from side to side?

22
Q

what plane is through the body horizontally?

A

transverse

23
Q

what plane is angled?

24
Q

what does the term anterior mean?

A

the front side of the body in anatomical position

25
Q

what does the term posterior mean?

A

the back side of the body in anatomical position

26
Q

what does the term superior mean?

27
Q

what does the term inferior mean?

28
Q

what does the term medial mean?

A

towards the middle of the body

29
Q

what does the term lateral mean?

A

towards the outer of the body

30
Q

what does the term proximal mean?

A

closer to the body

31
Q

what does the term distal mean?

A

away from the body

32
Q

what does the term caudal mean?

A

towards the feet of the body

33
Q

what does the term cranial mean?

A

towards the head of the body

34
Q

what does the term deep mean?

A

closer to the interior centre of the body

35
Q

what does the term superficial mean?

A

closer to the skin of the body

36
Q

what does the term elevation mean?

A

movement in a superior direction

37
Q

what does the term depression mean?

A

movement in an inferior direction

38
Q

what does the term protraction mean?

A

movement of a body part forward on the coronal plane

39
Q

what does the term retraction mean?

A

moving a body part backwards on the coronal plane

40
Q

what does the term abduction mean?

A

motion away from the midline of the body

41
Q

what does the term adduction mean?

A

motion towards the midline of the body

42
Q

what does the term supination mean?

A

rotation of the radioulnar joint so that the palm is facing downwards

43
Q

what does the term pronation mean?

A

rotation of the radioulnar joint so that the palm is facing upwards

44
Q

what does the term flexion mean?

A

decreasing a joint angle

45
Q

what does the term extension mean?

A

increasing a joint angle

46
Q

what are the 4 main components of the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart, Arteries, Veins and Capillaries

47
Q

what are the 5 main components of the respiratory system?

A

Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Trachea, Lungs and Bronchial Tree

48
Q

what are the 3 main components of the nervous system?

A

Brain, Spinal cord and Nerves

49
Q

what are the 3 main components of the Integumentary system?

A

Skin, Hair and Nails

50
Q

what are the 5 components of the gastrointestinal system?

A

Oral cavity, Teeth, Oesophagus, Stomach and Intestines

51
Q

what are the 4 components of the renal system?

A

Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder and Urethra

HMI102 ANATOMY (9 decks)

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