Lecture 3 (Body composition; Nutrition basics)

Question 1

Liver EE in rest

Answer 1

200 kcal/kg/day

Question 2

Brain EE in rest

Answer 2

240 kcal/kg/day

Question 3

Heart EE in rest

Answer 3

400 kcal/kg/day

Question 4

Kidneys EE in rest

Answer 4

400 kcal/kg/day

Question 5

Relative contribution of body tissues to REE (kcal/day)

Answer 5

Brain: 22%
Heart: 9%
Liver: 21%
Kidney: 8%
Adipose: 4%
Muscle: 22%

Question 6

% Essential body fat men

Answer 6

3

Question 7

% Essential body fat women

Answer 7

12

Question 8

Body composition techniques

Answer 8

1. Direct methods
   - Carcass analysis
2. Indirect methods
   - Densitometry = Underwater weighing (UWW) & Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) BODPOD
   - Dilution techniques = Deuterium dilution
   - DXA
   - Imaging techniques = CT & MRI
3. Double indirect methods
   - antropometry (skin folds)
   - Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
   - Ultrasound

Question 9

What does Densitometry measure?

Answer 9

Fat mass & FFM

Question 10

What does UWW measure?

Answer 10

Percentage bodyfat

Question 11

What does ADP (with BODPOD) measure?

Answer 11

Density

Question 12

What does BIA measure?

Answer 12

Body water –> FFM
Body weight ─ fat free mass = fat mass

Question 13

What does Ultrasound measure?

Answer 13

Muscle cross sectional area
Muscle volume

Question 14

How are carbohydrates build up?

Answer 14

Two forms:
1. Simple
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
2. Complex
- Polysaccharides

Question 15

What is the structure of proteins

Answer 15

9 Essential and 11 non-essential aminoacids (20 in total)

Question 16

Catabolism

Answer 16

Using macronutrients for energy

Question 17

Anabolism

Answer 17

Making glycogen, triglyceride, and proteins from building blocks