Lecture 3: Biofilms Flashcards
What area of the tongue best harbors bacteria?
Dorsum of the tongue
What percent of bacteria is gram positive on the dorsum of the tongue?
70%
What does the yellow color of pus result from? (4 things)
- Necrotic cells
- Neutrophils
- Plasma cells
- Macrophages
What is the primary cause of gingival disease?
Bacterial plaque biofilm
What are secondary causes of gingival disease?
Calculus, Poor oral hygiene
What is the principle irritant for gingival disease?
Non-mineralized plaque on the surface of the calculus
Ecosystem of bacteria work together in what type of relationship?
Symbiotic
Do we still have biofilms when we are healthy?
Yes
What bacteria is most implicated in perio health?
Gram positive aerobic cocci
What type of bacteria is an “initial colonizer”? What are two examples? Are they aerobic or anaerobic?
Gram positive facultative microbes-A. viscosus, S. Sanguis. Aerobic
What three major perio pathogens do we need to know?
- P gingivalis
- T denticola
- T forsythia
Name three virulence mechanisms of bacteria?
- Capsule evades phagocytosis
- Suppresses IL-8
- Disrupts host response by inactivating immune cells
Do biofilms harden both supra and subgingivally?
Yes
What is all calculus coated with?
Biofilm
Are biofilm mobile?
Yes
What’s the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis regarding the motility of the biofilms?
They are more motile in Periodontitis
What type of bacteria type is in periodontitis?
Bacillis
Are bacteria more gram negative or gram positive in periodontitis compared to gingivitis?
More gram negative
What 3 bacteria are implicated in the “Red Complex” for periodontitis?
- P gingivalis
- T denticola
- T forsythia
What clinical finding is a “reliable and objective parameter to evaluate inflammation of the tissue near the attachment”?
Bleed on palpation
Name four factors impacting bleeding on probing
- Deep pockets
- Gingival thickness and width
- Smoking
- Probe force
How many newtons of force is the ideal probe force? What is an equivalent in SIM clinic?
0.25 N, or thumbnail blanching pressure
As you go from health to gingivitis, what type of bacteria does it become?
From aerobic to anaerobic, from gram positive to gram negative.
What are three examples of virulence factors in moving from gingivitis to periodontitis?
- Fimbriae/pilli (for bacterial attachment)
- Capsule glycocalyx (acts as a wall)
- Endotoxin/LPS layer (starts an immune response)
