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Year 1: 03. MSK Exam 1 > Lecture 3: Back Arthrology > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Back Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major classifications of joints?

A

Synovial

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

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2
Q

What must every Synovial Joint have to be considered as such?

A

Joint Capsule

Hyaline Cartilage (on both edges)

Synovial Fluid

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3
Q

What does a plane joint do?

A

Permit gliding or sliding movements

Example: Acromioclavicular joint

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4
Q

What does Hinge/Ginglymus joint do?

A

Flexion and extension only

Eg elbow, thumb

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5
Q

What does a pivot/trochoid joint do?

A

Permits rotation

Ex: Twisting of forearm (radius and ulna)

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6
Q

What does sellar/saddle joint do?

A

Allows movement in two different planes

  • false circumduction w/o rotation
  • biaxial
  • Example:* carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
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7
Q

What does a condyloid joint do?

A

Flexion and Extension

Abduction and adduction

Circumduction

Example: wrist

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8
Q

What does a ball and socked/spheriodal joint do?

A

Flexion and Extension

Abduction and Adduction

Circumduction

Rotation

Example: Shoulder and Hip

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9
Q

What are the four types of Fibrous joints?

A
  • Sutures (Skull)
  • Gomphosis (Tooth in socket)
  • Schindylesis (Tongue in groove)
  • Syndesmosis (Interosseous Membrane of Radioulnar Joint - sheet of fibrous connective tissue)
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10
Q

What are the two types of Cartilagenous joints and their characteristics?

A

Synchondrosis: usually transient - while the bone is growing

Symphysis: fibrocartilaginous attachment between bones

Example: Intervertebral Disc

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11
Q

What membrane does the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament become superiorly?

A

The Anterior Atlantooccipital Membrane

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12
Q

What does the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament become superiorly?

A

The Tectorial Membrane

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13
Q

What does the Ligamentum Flavum become superiorly?

A

The Posterior Atlantooccipital Membrane

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14
Q

What does the Supraspinous Ligament become superiorly?

A

The Nuchal Ligament

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15
Q

What are the two structures of the intervertebral disk?

A

Annulus Fibrosis (Fibrous outside)

Nucleus Pulposus (Gooey center)

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16
Q

What ligament is often damaged in whiplash?

A

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

17
Q

Why do we keep patients who have a fracture of the vertebral column in a position of extension?

A

Because the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament can act as a splint.

18
Q

Where do disc herniations typically occur?

Why do they occur there?

A

Typically Nucleus Pulposis ejects into the posteriolateral side of the disc of the lower lumbar vertebrae (L4-L5 especially)

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament is narrow so there is no support on either side of it to the back of the disk (posteriolaterally).

Lumbar discs are large so there is more movement that can incite a herniation.

19
Q

For any given two vertebrae of the cervical or lumbar regions, a prolapse will affect which of the two vertebrae’s spinal nerve?

(Eg, there is a prolapse of C1 and C2, which nerve is affected?)

A

The second one.

(C2’s spinal nerve will be affected)

20
Q

Atlantooccipital Joint

  1. What are the bones involved?
  2. What is the joint type?
  3. What ligaments are involved?
A

1. What are the bones involved?

Occipital Bone / Atlas

2. What is the joint type?

Condyloid Synovial

    1. What ligaments are involved?*
  • Anterior Atlantoocipital Membrane
  • Posterior Atlantoocipital Membrane
  • Tectoral Membrane
21
Q

Atlantoaxial Joint

  1. What are the bones involved?
  2. What is the joint type?
  3. What ligaments are involved?
A

1. What are the bones involved?

Atlas and Axis

2. What is the joint type?

Compound Synovial: Trochoid/Pivot & Zygapophysial

    1. What ligaments are involved?*
  • Cruciate Ligaments: Transverse, Superior, Inferior
  • Alar Ligaments
  • Apical Ligament of the Dens
22
Q

What makes up the cruciate ligament?

A

Superior Longitudinal Band

Transverse Ligament of Atlas

Inferior Longitudinal Band

23
Q

What structures are involved in the joint of Luschka?

A
  • Uncinate Process of a vertebra
  • Inferor portion of the vertebral body of the vertebra above
24
Q

Generic Cervical Joint:

  1. What are the bones involved?
  2. What is the joint type?
  3. What ligaments are involved?
A

1. What are the bones involved?

Cervical Vertebrae

2. What is the joint type?

Compound: Symphysis and Zygapophyseal

    1. What ligaments are involved?*
  • Anterior Longatudinal Ligament
  • Posterior Longatudinal Ligament
  • Ligamentum Flavum
  • Intertransverse Ligaments
  • Interspinous Ligament

-Nuchal Ligament

25
Q

Generic Thoracic or Lumbar Joint

  1. What are the bones involved?
  2. What is the joint type?
  3. What ligaments are involved?
A

1. What are the bones involved?

Thoracic or Lumbar Vertebrae

2. What is the joint type?

Compound: Symphysis and Zygapophyseal

    1. What ligaments are involved?*
  • Anterior Longitudinal Ligaments
  • Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments
  • Ligamentum Flavum
  • Intertransverse Ligaments
  • Interspinous Ligaments
  • Supraspinous Ligament
26
Q

Lumbosacral Joint

  1. What are the bones involved?
  2. What is the joint type?
  3. What ligaments are involved?
  4. What ligaments are absent from this joint?
A

1. What are the bones involved?

L5 and sacrum

2. What is the joint type?

Compound: Symphysis and Planar Synovial

    1. What ligaments are involved?*
  • Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
  • Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
  • Ligamentum Flavum
    1. What ligaments are absent from this joint?*
  • Interspinous Ligaments
  • Intertransverse Ligaments
  • Supraspinous Ligament

Year 1: 03. MSK Exam 1 (23 decks)

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