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Year 1: 2020 PCM II Midterm > Lecture 3: Approach to ENT Exam > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Approach to ENT Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What do you check as part of the ENT exam?

A
  • Sinus tenderness
  • Nose and nasal turbinates
  • Mouth and perform oral exam
  • Throat and tonsils
  • Ears
  • Lymph nodes
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2
Q

What sinuses can you palpate for?

A

Frontal

Maxillary

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3
Q

What would be abnormal to see in a nasal exam?

A

Pale and swollen turbinates

Rhinorrhea

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4
Q

What do you check in an oral exam?

A 
Gingiva (gums)
Mucosa
Lip
Hard and soft palate 
Floor of Mouth
Tongue
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5
Q

What is cobblestoning?

A

Swollen lymph tissue normally due to post nasal drip that can irritate mucosa

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6
Q

What is torus palatinus?

A

Harmless bony growth on hard palate

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7
Q

What are you checking for when performing an ear exam?

A

Drainage
Redness
Tenderness
Bulging tympanic membrane

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8
Q

What do you check for when examining in lymph nodes?

A

Texture
Size
Tenderness

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9
Q

What are some hallmarks of a sore throat?

A

Beefy red soft palate and uvula
Enlarged Tonsils
White or yellow patches on tonsils
Tiny red hemorrhages on soft palate

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10
Q

What is pharyngitis and what are some common symptoms?

A

Inflammation of pharynx resulting in a sore throat

  • inflamed mucus membrane (coryza)
  • conjunctivitis
  • malaise or fatigue
  • voice hoarseness
  • low grade fever (viral)
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11
Q

What are the highest causes for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections?

A 
Children b/t ages 5-15
Winter/early spring
Absence of cough
Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
Tonsillar exudate
Fever
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12
Q

What is the centor score?

A

Set of criteria which may be used to identify the likelihood of a bacterial infection in patients complaining of a sore throat

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13
Q

What criteria gives points in a centor score?

A 
Absence of cough
Swollen/tender anterior cervical nodes
Temperature > 100.4°
Tonsillar exudates
Age 3-14
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14
Q

If the Centor score is 0 or 1, what do you do?

A

No further testing or antibiotics needed

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15
Q

If the Centor score is 2 or 3, what do you do?

A

Perform throat culture and wait for results before treating with antibiotics

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16
Q

If the Centor score is 4 or greater, what do you do?

A

Treat with empiric antibiotics right away

17
Q

What is acute otitis media?

A

Symptomatic inflammation of middle ear due to infection

18
Q

What is otitis media with effusion?

A

Fluid buildup in middle ear w/o infection

-can be due to dysfunction to eustachian tube

19
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

Infection in outer ear that can happen by bacteria entering small break in skin

20
Q

What is otosclerosis?

A

Abnormal bone growth around stapes bone that can be associated w/ hearing loss

21
Q

In a Weber test, where does conductive hearing loss lateralize to?

A

Affected side

22
Q

In a Weber test, where does sensorineural hearing loss lateralize to?

A

Opposite affected side

23
Q

In a Rinne Test, what would be expected in conductive loss?

A

Bone Conduction > air conduction

24
Q

What can cause conductive hearing loss?

A 
Cerumen impaction
Middle ear fluid
Lack of movement in ossicles
Trauma
Obstruction
25
Q

What can cause sensorineural hearing loss?

A 
Hereditary
Meniere Disease
MS
Trauma
Ototoxic Drugs
Barotrauma
26
Q

What is sinusitis?

A

Inflammation of mucosal lining in paranasal sinuses

-mostly due to infections

27
Q

What are symptoms of sinusitis?

A 
Nasal discharge
Cough
Nasal congestion
Fever
Headache
Pain
Facial pressure
28
Q

Describe bacterial sinusitis.

A

Patient will initially get better then get much worse

29
Q

What is croup?

A

Swelling of larynx, trachea, and bronchi that can cause a stridor and barking cough in young children
-sounds scary but not dangerous

30
Q

What is epiglottitis?

A

Inflammation of epiglottis and adjacent structures

  • high grade fever
  • toxic appearance
  • tripod stance
  • important to treat right away

Year 1: 2020 PCM II Midterm (14 decks)

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