Lecture 2: Approach to Endocrine Disorders II Flashcards
What do primary diseases inhibit?
Action of downstream glands
What are secondary diseases indicative of?
Problem with pituitary gland
What are tertiary diseases associated with?
Dysfunction of hypothalamus and its releasing of hormones
What can result if there is an excess of hormones?
Neoplastic growth of endocrine cells
Autoimmune issue
Excess hormone administration
What happens if there is a deficiency of hormones?
Autoimmune destruction Tumor infiltration Infection Inflammation Hemorrhage
What test assesses endocrine hyperfunction?
Suppression tests
What test assesses endocrine hypofunction?
Stimulation tests
What are symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
Weight loss Anxiety Diaphoresis (sweating) Heat intolerance Increased appetite Amenorrhea Tremor Palpitations
What can cause hyperthyroidism?
Grave's Disease Toxic multinodular goiter Toxic adenoma Subacute thyroiditis Hashimoto's thyroiditis
What are symptoms of hypothyroidism?
Fatigue Weight gain Anorexia Dry, coarse skin Cold intolerance Depressed mood Weak hair Impaired memory Weakness, muscle cramps
What can cause hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Iodine deficiency
Severe illness
Certain drugs
What are some classic symptoms of Grave’s Disease?
Proptosis
Exophthalmos
What are symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?
Stones: increased risk of kidney stones
Bones: weaker bones since calcium removed from bone
Groans: abdominal pain
What enzyme converts 25-hydroxy Vitamin D to 1-25 dihydroxy vitamin D (active form)?
1-α hydroxylase
What tests can be used to assess for hypocalcemia?
Trousseau’s Sign
Chvostek’s Sign
