Lecture 3- Analysis of Gait Flashcards
Distance between corresponding successive points of heel contact of the opposite feet
Step Length
– Double step length
Distance between successive points of heel contact of the same foot
Stride Length
Side to side distance between both feet
Base of Gait
Steps per unit time (usually 100-115 steps per minute)
Cadence
Phases of stance phase and what percent of the gait cycle is stance
60%
Contact
Midstance
Propulsive
Heel strike to forefoot loading
Contact
Forefoot loading to heel lift
Midstance
Heel raise to toe off
Propulsive Phase
Swing Phase is what percent?
40%
Double stance____of stance phase
10%
Features of the Running Gait Cycle
No double stance component
Now we have double swing component
Stance 40% / Swing 60%
Heel strike to forefoot loading
Foot pronates at subtalar joint
This absorbs shock & adapts foot to uneven surfaces
Ground reaction forces peak
Leg is internally rotating
Ends with metatarsal heads contacting ground
Contact Period – 25% stance
Forefoot loading to heel raise Foot stops pronating and starts supinating Tibialis posterior & Soleus contract External rotation of the leg Other leg in swing phase Single leg stance Body is directly over foot Ends as heel leaves ground
Midstance Period – 45% stance
Heel raise to toe off
Subtalar joint supination continues until just after toe off
Leg continues to externally rotate
Vertical ground reaction forces peak
Forces move from lateral to medial passing through the hallux
Toes are loaded to stabilise MPJ’s
Propulsive Period – 30% stance
Foot accelerates to “catch up” with body
Leg internally rotates (from external position)
Foot pronates to aid ground clearance
Foot decelerates and slightly supinates in preparation for heel strike
Swing Phase
Normal” Standing Position
Angle of gait - Feet slightly abducted Base of gait - Feet shoulder width apart Knees (patella) pointing forwards Heels are perpendicular to ground Ankles are approximately 900 leg All MPJ’s & toes are in contact with the ground
Pronation stops at _____ and supination starts
Midstance
Forefoot loading from_____ to ______
Lateral to medial
Pronation starts at heel strike and should end at_______
Midstance
Why do we pronate ?
Necessary for shock absorption
Balanced by normal supination
Over pronation leads to what?
Medial stretching
Lateral jamming
Internal leg rotation
Abduction of the forefoot
Requires much more muscle energy to complete each of the phases of gait.
Increases the demands on the leg, knee, hip and back
Pronation causes what to the leg?
Internal Rotation
Heel pain & Plantar fasciitis Shin splints Medial Peri-Tendonitis Knee pain (Patello-Femoral Syndrome) Low back pain Decreased endurance
Non-Structural conditions associated with pathological pronation
HAV & Hammer toes Mid foot subluxation Tendinosis / PTTD Degenerative arthritis Stress fracture
Structural conditions associated with pathological pronation
