Lecture 3- Analysis of Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Distance between corresponding successive points of heel contact of the opposite feet

A

Step Length

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2
Q

– Double step length

Distance between successive points of heel contact of the same foot

A

Stride Length

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3
Q

Side to side distance between both feet

A

Base of Gait

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4
Q

Steps per unit time (usually 100-115 steps per minute)

A

Cadence

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5
Q

Phases of stance phase and what percent of the gait cycle is stance

A

60%

Contact
Midstance
Propulsive

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6
Q

Heel strike to forefoot loading

A

Contact

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7
Q

Forefoot loading to heel lift

A

Midstance

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8
Q

Heel raise to toe off

A

Propulsive Phase

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9
Q

Swing Phase is what percent?

A

40%

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10
Q

Double stance____of stance phase

A

10%

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11
Q

Features of the Running Gait Cycle

A

No double stance component
Now we have double swing component
Stance 40% / Swing 60%

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12
Q

Heel strike to forefoot loading
Foot pronates at subtalar joint
This absorbs shock & adapts foot to uneven surfaces
Ground reaction forces peak
Leg is internally rotating
Ends with metatarsal heads contacting ground

A

Contact Period – 25% stance

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13
Q
Forefoot loading to heel raise
Foot stops pronating and starts supinating 
Tibialis posterior & Soleus contract 
External rotation of the leg
Other leg in swing phase
Single leg stance
Body is directly over foot
Ends as heel leaves ground
A

Midstance Period – 45% stance

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14
Q

Heel raise to toe off
Subtalar joint supination continues until just after toe off
Leg continues to externally rotate
Vertical ground reaction forces peak
Forces move from lateral to medial passing through the hallux
Toes are loaded to stabilise MPJ’s

A

Propulsive Period – 30% stance

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15
Q

Foot accelerates to “catch up” with body
Leg internally rotates (from external position)
Foot pronates to aid ground clearance
Foot decelerates and slightly supinates in preparation for heel strike

A

Swing Phase

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16
Q

Normal” Standing Position

A
Angle of gait
- Feet slightly abducted 
Base of gait
- Feet shoulder width apart
Knees (patella) pointing forwards
Heels are perpendicular to ground
Ankles are approximately 900  leg
All MPJ’s & toes are in contact with the ground
17
Q

Pronation stops at _____ and supination starts

A

Midstance

18
Q

Forefoot loading from_____ to ______

A

Lateral to medial

19
Q

Pronation starts at heel strike and should end at_______

A

Midstance

20
Q

Why do we pronate ?

A

Necessary for shock absorption

Balanced by normal supination

21
Q

Over pronation leads to what?

A

Medial stretching
Lateral jamming
Internal leg rotation
Abduction of the forefoot
Requires much more muscle energy to complete each of the phases of gait.
Increases the demands on the leg, knee, hip and back

22
Q

Pronation causes what to the leg?

A

Internal Rotation

23
Q
Heel pain & Plantar fasciitis
Shin splints
Medial Peri-Tendonitis
Knee pain (Patello-Femoral Syndrome)
Low back pain
Decreased endurance
A

Non-Structural conditions associated with pathological pronation

24
Q
HAV & Hammer toes
Mid foot subluxation
Tendinosis / PTTD
Degenerative arthritis
Stress fracture
A

Structural conditions associated with pathological pronation