Lecture 1 - Body Planes and Axis of Motion

Question 1

A vertical plane passing through the body from front to back.
Divides into right half and left half.
Divides body into equal symmetrical halves.

Answer 1

Sagittal Plane

Question 2

A vertical plane passing through the body from side to side.
Divides body into front half and a back half.
Divides the body into equal, but asymmetrical halves.

Answer 2

Frontal Plane

Question 3

A horizontal plane passing through the body from side to side and front to back.
Divides body into upper and lower halves.
Divides body into equal, but asymmetrical halves.

Answer 3

Transverse Plane

Question 4

The __ is a line around which motion takes place.

Answer 4

Axis

Question 5

The _____ of ______ is always perpendicular to the plane in which the motion takes place. Motion occurs along the plane

Answer 5

Axis
Motion

Motion takes place in one plane while the axis is formed by the other two planes.

Question 6

There are ____ axes of motion, one vertical and two horizontal.

Answer 6

Three

Question 7

The axis of motion is considered the _____ part while the motion takes place in the ______ part

Answer 7

Proximal

Distal

Question 8

Horizontal axis which passes from side to side and lies in the frontal and transverse planes (frontal-transverse axis).

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot/ankle. Flexion and extension of the leg.

Answer 8

Axis of sagittal plane motion

Question 9

Horizontal axis which passes from front to back and lies in the sagittal and transverse planes (sagittal-transverse axis).

Coincides with the longitudinal axis of the foot.

Inversion and eversion of the foot. Abduction and adduction of the leg.

Answer 9

Axis of frontal plane motion

Question 10

Vertical axis perpendicular to the ground and lies in the frontal and sagittal planes (frontal-sagittal axis).

Abduction and adduction motions of the foot. Internal and external motions of the leg.

Answer 10

Transverse Plane Motion

Question 11

Define: motion where the distal aspect of the foot moves dorsally, or towards the tibia.

Answer 11

Dorsiflexion

Question 12

motion where the distal aspect of the foot moves plantarly, or away from the tibia

Answer 12

Plantar flexion

Question 13

motion where the plantar surface of the foot moves toward the midline of the body.

Answer 13

Inversion

Question 14

motion where the plantar surface of the foot moves away from the midline of the body.

Answer 14

Eversion

Question 15

motion where the distal aspect of the foot moves away from the midline of the body.

Answer 15

Abduction

Question 16

motion where the distal aspect of the foot moves toward the midline of the body.

Answer 16

Adduction

Question 17

The fixation of a part in the position it would assume in adduction. A transverse fixation with the distal end displaced toward the midline.

Answer 17

Adductus

Question 18

The fixation of a part in the position it would assume in abduction. A transverse fixation with the distal end displaced away from the midline.

Answer 18

Abductus

Question 19

A fixation of the foot or part of the foot in the position it would assume if plantarflexed. The distal end of the part is further away from the tibia.

Answer 19

Equinus

Question 20

A fixation of the foot or part of the foot in the position it would assume if dorsiflexed. The distal end of the part is closer to the tibia.

Answer 20

Calcaneus

Question 21

A fixation of the part in the position it would assume if inverted. A frontal plane fixation in which the plantar surface is turned toward the midline.

Answer 21

Varus

Question 22

A fixation of the part in the position it would assume if everted. A frontal plane fixation in which the plantar surface is turned away from the midline.

Answer 22

Valgus

Question 23

Refers to the hereditary defects which change the position of the entire foot. The deformity can be either in the talus, calcaneus or both.

Answer 23

Tailless

Question 24

Normal or straight alignment (example is forefoot to rearfoot).

Answer 24

Rectus

Question 25

15 degrees from transverse plane and 9 degrees from the sagittal plane

Answer 25

Longitudinal Axis

Question 26

52 degrees from the transverse plane and 57 degrees from the sagittal plane

Answer 26

Oblique Axis

Question 27

45 degrees from the frontal and sagittal planes

Answer 27

First Ray Axis

First ray dorsiflexes it inverts
First ray plantarflexes it everts
Little to no transverse plane motion

Question 28

Evaluates the medial column
Cyma line
Calcaneal inclination angle
Talar declination angle
Midtarsal faults or breaches
Position of first ray

Answer 28

Sagittal Plane

Question 29

Demonstrates the lateral column
Cuboid abduction angle
Kites angle (talo-calcaneal angle)
Talo-navicular congruency
Forefoot to rearfoot relationship

Answer 29

Transverse Plane

Question 30

Calcaneal axial projection

Evaluates the posterior column

Answer 30

Frontal Plane