Lecture 3 An introduction to the plant kingdom Flashcards
List the 5 principal groups recognized by biologists
- Monerans (bacteria)
- Protists
- Fung
- Plants
- Animals
Roughly how many plant species are there?
Hundreds/thousands of plant species
What are the plant species divided into?
Its main divisions are ordered into hierarchies of lower groupings (taxa)
How are the plant species divided into taxa
–reflect the biological relatedness of their members
–primarily assessed on the basis of shared characteristics that have been inherited from a common ancestor
What other factors are used to classify plants?
- According to the communities in which they naturally occur–Climate, geology & soil
- Global plant communities–Biomes, e.g. taiga, tundra, savannah
- Phytosociological communities–UK - National Vegetation Classification (NVC)
- Horticultural communities –Habitat, biome or botanical grouping – alpines, aquatics, climbers
What are the different ranks in plant classification hierarchy?
Division Class Order Family Genus Species
What are the features used in differentiating the major groups of plants containing chlorophyll?
Level of cellular organisation
- Photosynthetic pigments
- Other characters: cell wall structure, food storage compounds & types of flagella
What are the levels of cellular organisation for Prokaryotic?
No membrane-bound organelles
Division Cyanophyta or Cyanobacteria
What are the levels of cellular organisation for Eukaryotic?
Membrane-bound nuclei, chloroplasts & mitochondria
ALL other divisions
What is included in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic filamentous algae?
Nostocis a bluegreen alga (Cyanophyta or Cyanobacteria)
- Cells show little internal differentiation, even under the electron microscope
- Protoplast is differentiated into nucleus & cytoplasm;
- Large central cell sap vacuole.
- Spirogyrais a green alga (Chlorophyta); the cell includes a large spiral -shaped chloroplast
- The nucleus is suspended in the middle of the cell on strands of cytoplasm
What are the 3 classes of pigments
Chlorophylls
Carotenoids
Biliproteins/Phycobilins
What are the types and colour of Chlorophylls?
A, b, c, d
Green
What are the types and colours of Carotenoids?
Carotenes Orange
Xanthophylls Yellow
What are the types and colours of Biliproteins/phycobilins?
Phycoerythrin Red
Phycocyanin Blue
What are the featured used in differentiating the major groups?
Cellulose cell walls are commonest,
- also naked-celled plants
- & plants with walls constructed of silica
- Many groups store glucose polymers quite distinct from starch
- Motile cells can have whiplash flagella, flimmerflagella, or combinations of the two
