Lecture 3 - Accidents Flashcards
What is an accident?
An unintended happening, mishap.
Most often an ____ is any ___ event that results in personal ____ or in _____ damage
Accident
Unplanned
Injury
Property
What is an accident
Unexpected, unplanned event in a sequence of events that occurs through a combination of causes
resulting in physical harm, injury or disease, damage to property, mental trauma or a near miss
Conceptual Accident
Initial contact between two or more hazards in an unplanned state.
Contact must represent a primary event
What is the 1969 bird triangle?
The triangle shows a relationship between the number of accidents resulting in serious injury, minor injuries or no injuries
RRIAA - what does it stand for
Report Record Investigate Analyse Action
Who would you report an accident to?
RTSII
RIDDOR Trade Association Safety Rep Internal Insurance
Why would someone deliberately not report an accident?
Fear of punishment
Don’t want to ruin personal reputation/record
Don’t want to ruin department record
Peer group pressure
Where would you record an accident?
Computers Card index Social Security record book Medical treatment book personnel database
Frequency rate
total injuries / total hours worked x 100,000
Incidence rate =
total accident / number employees x 1000
Severity rate =
Total days lost / total hours worked x 1000
Investigate
5 W’s 1 H?
Why Who What Where When How
Why INVESTIGATE?
Legal requirement Litigation - civil/criminal Prevent recurrence Important for statistics Assign correct Blame Morale/psychological reasons
Who INVESTIGATES?
Safety advisor
Safety rep
Supervisor/Manager
(Only for minor accident)
What are we after when INVESTIGATING?
Accurate evidence
Criticism
Legal use
Where do we INVESTIGATE?
Scene of accident
Interview?
When do we INVESTIGATE?
ASAP!!
How do we obtain the evidence?
(5 P’s)
(Investigate)
Places People Positions Parts Paper
Recording the facts 3 key parts?
Interview witnesses ASAP Document the accident scene before changes are made. Sketch, Photos, Measurements Gather support documents such as; maintenance records reports production schedules process diagrams
How should records be kept
All notes and remarks in a bound notebook or three ring binder.
What needs to be recorded in an accident? 3 things
Pre-accident conditions
Accident sequence
Post accident conditions
Document ____ location, were there any _____? Machinery ___ sources and other factors
Victim
Witnesses
Energy
Interviewing is an excellent source of ____ ___ _____
First hand knowledge
What are the first three steps to take when INTERVIEWING?
1) Get prelim statements ASAP from all witnesses
2) Locate the position of each witness on a master chart
3) Explain the purpose of the investigation - ease witness
What are 4 common Interview practices
1) Let each witness speak freely with no distractions
2) Use sketches and diagrams to help witness
3) Emphasise areas of direct obbo - label hearsay accordingly
4) Record EXACT words of witness
You should always identify the _____ of each ______
Qualifications
Witness
You should always supply each ____ with a copy of their _____
Witness
Statement
What is a direct cost of injury
Personal injury claim
Fine
Plant damage
What is an indirect cost of injury
Disruption to business
Damage to reputation
Poor Management Safety Policy & Decisions
Personal Factors
Environmental Factors
Are all examples of what?
A basic cause
Unsafe Act
Unsafe Condition
Are examples of what?
Indirect causes
Unplanned release of hazardous material
Is an example of what?
Direct cause
Heinrich’s Theorems Approach to Accident Causation/Prevention was created when?
1932 H.W. Heinrich
The Domino Theory is also called what?
Industrial Accident Causation Model
5 stages of the Domino Theory?
1) Social Environment and Ancestry
2) Fault of the Person (Carelessness)
3) Unsafe Act or Condition
4) Accident
5) Injury
Critical Incident Investigation
First 6 stages?
(12 in total)
1) Understand the need.
2) Prepare for the investigation
3) Gather the facts.
4) Analyse the facts.
5) Develop conclusions
6) Analyse conclusions
Critical Incident Investigation Last 6 Stages?
12 in total
7) Make report
8) Make recommendations
9) Correct the situation
10) Follow through on recommendations
11) Critique the investigation
12) Double check the corrective action
Understanding the need 3 questions?
What do we want to accomplish?
Do we want to prevent future incidents?
Are there better ways for the job to be done?
Why do facts need to be analysed in an accident?
Suggest short, intermediate and long term solutions
Provides broader picture of events.
Provide checkpoints in the questioning process.
_____ are based on what is ___ and what is not ____
Conclusions
Known
Known
Reanalyse each conclusion to determine its validity..
What ____ it
What doesn’t _____ it
Supports
Supports
Report Recommendations.
Provide a ___ _____ of what happened
Place the incident in _______ order
brief synopsis
Chronological
Critique investigation, why must this be done?
To determine what problems arose, why they rose and if the data is stored properly.
Actions purpose is to ____ the _____
Fix
System
