Lecture 3 - 8/28/23

Question 1

What constitutes “normal” for an animal’s neck?

Answer 1

-no pain on dorsal palpation
-normal range of motion
-no masses
-able to elicit small cough

Question 2

If an animal has pain upon dorsal palpation, what does it indicate?

Answer 2

slipped disc or intervertebral disc disease

Question 3

Why is it important to palpate the ventral surface of the neck?

Answer 3

to identify whether or not the thyroid gland is normal within an animal

Question 4

What constitutes “normal” for an animal’s lymph nodes?

Answer 4

-symmetric and soft
-appropriate size and temperature
-non-painful

Question 5

Which lymph nodes are normally palpable?

Answer 5

-mandibular
-prescapular
-popliteal

Question 6

Which lymph nodes are palpable when abnormal only?

Answer 6

-axillary
-inguinal

Question 7

Where are the mandibular lymph nodes located?

Answer 7

rostrally to the salivary glands

Question 8

Where are the prescapular lymph nodes located?

Answer 8

in front of the front portion of the scapula

Question 9

Where are the popliteal lymph nodes located?

Answer 9

behind the stifle/knee joint

Question 10

Which veins are used for venipuncture?

Answer 10

-jugular vein
-cephalic vein
-lateral saphenous vein
-medial saphenous vein

Question 11

What is the one-handed syringe technique for blood draws?

Answer 11

-thumb and forefinger either at the tip of back end of the syringe for stabilization
-ring finger used to pull plunger

Question 12

What aspects of needle position should be remembered when doing venipuncture?

Answer 12

-bevel should point up to reduce risk of going through vein
-attempts should begin distally; if vein blows, a more proximal position can still be used

Question 13

What constitutes “normal” for an animal’s heart?

Answer 13

-clear heartbeat
-normal rate
-normal rhythm with strong, synchronous pulses in femoral artery
-crisp beat

Question 14

Where should the stethoscope bell be placed for heart auscultation?

Answer 14

over the 4-6th intercostal spaces (right behind left elbow)

Question 15

What is the normal respiratory sinus arrhythmia?

Answer 15

-increase heart rate with inspiration
-decrease heart rate with expiration

Question 16

What constitutes “normal” for an animal’s lungs?

Answer 16

-being able to hear breath sounds
-no crackling or wheezing noises

Question 17

How is the chest split for lung auscultation?

Answer 17

into four quadrants on each side

Question 18

When is it necessary to listen over an animal’s trachea and why?

Answer 18

-when an animal has upper resp. discharge as well as potential sounds in the lungs
-if sounds get louder when listening over trachea, indicates problem is most likely upper resp. only

Question 19

What does an absence of breath sounds indicate?

Answer 19

fluid or air in between the lungs and the body wall