Lecture 2 - 8/24/23

Question 1

What are the three most common types of injections?

Answer 1

-SQ
-IM
-IV

Question 2

What are the characteristics of SQ injections?

Answer 2

-slowest acting
-can be given anywhere underneath the skin

Question 3

What are the characteristics of IM injections?

Answer 3

-middle speed action
-given in the epaxial and semimembranosus muscles

Question 4

What are the characteristics of IV injections?

Answer 4

-fastest acting
-given in the cephalic, medial saphenous, and lateral saphenous veins

Question 5

What angle is used for IM injections?

Answer 5

90 degree

Question 6

What angle is used for SQ injections?

Answer 6

45 degree

Question 7

What size syringes are typically used for injections?

Answer 7

1 or 3 cc syringes (3cc most common)

Question 8

What are larger sized syringes used for?

Answer 8

IV flushes and other flushes

Question 9

How does syringe size correspond to pressure flow?

Answer 9

the larger the syringe, the lower the pressure flow

Question 10

How does gauge number relate to size?

Answer 10

the higher the gauge, the smaller the needle diameter

Question 11

What are 25 gauge needles commonly used for?

Answer 11

very small kittens/small veins

Question 12

What are 22 gauge needles commonly used for?

Answer 12

most injections

Question 13

What are 20 gauge needles commonly used for?

Answer 13

aspirations

Question 14

What are 18 gauge needles used for?

Answer 14

some aspiration, some veins, fluids

Question 15

What are the three types of syringe handling grips?

Answer 15

-cigarette
-dagger
-index trigger

Question 16

How are the epaxial muscles located?

Answer 16

-feel for last rib, vertebrae, and wing of ileum to find “triangle”
-go 2-3 fingers lateral to dorsal spinous processes

Question 17

How are the hamstring muscles located?

Answer 17

-go halfway between hip and knee
-caudal aspect of the leg

Question 18

How are IM injections administered?

Answer 18

-insert needle at 90 deg. angle
-aspirate
-assure no blood and neg. pressure
-push quickly
-massage site after

Question 19

What are the common sedation drugs and how are they delivered?

Answer 19

-butorphanol
-dexmedetomidine
-mixed together in same syringe and given IM

Question 20

How can dexmedetomidine be reversed?

Answer 20

-using antisedan (atipamezole)
-giving the same dose of antisedan as the dose of dexmedetomidine

Question 21

How are SQ injections delivered?

Answer 21

-tent the skin
-insert needle on 45 deg. angle
-aspirate
-assure no blood and neg. pressure
-push quickly
-massage after

Question 22

What are the core vaccines in cats and where are they administered?

Answer 22

-FVRCP, right front
-rabies, right rear

Question 23

What is the lifestyle vaccine in cats and where is it administered?

Answer 23

-FeLV, left rear

Question 24

What are the core vaccines in dogs and where are they administered?

Answer 24

-DA2PP, right front
-rabies, right rear

Question 25

What are the lifestyle vaccines in dogs and where are they administered?

Answer 25

-lepto, left rear -CIV/bordetella/lyme, left front

Question 26

What drug is used to treat a mild allergic reaction and how is it delivered?

Answer 26

-diphenhydramin/benadryl -delivered IM

Question 27

What drug is used to treat a moderate allergic reaction and how is it delivered?

Answer 27

-dexamethasone -delivered IM or IV

Question 28

What drug is used to treat a severe anaphylactic reaction and how is it administered?

Answer 28

-epinephrine -administered IM or IV

Question 29

How can hydration status be assessed in animals?

Answer 29

-tenting skin/elasticity -sunken/normal eyes -mucous membrane color/texture

Question 30

How can skin tenting be used to determine hydration status?

Answer 30

-if tented skin snaps back immediately, animal is hydrated -skin that sticks in a tent signals dehydration

Question 31

Why is skin tenting less reliable in geriatric animals?

Answer 31

loss of collagen/age side effects can cause skin to be less elastic despite proper hydration

Question 32

How does mucous membrane color communicate health status?

Answer 32

-pink: normal -pale pink: normal/slightly abnormal -white: anemic -red: septic -yellow: jaundiced -blue/grey: deoxygenated

Question 33

What are the identifiers of an ideal body score?

Answer 33

-should be able to immediately feel the ribs of the animal -should not see the ribs of the animal clearly

Question 34

What constitutes "normal" for an animal's nose?

Answer 34

-symmetrical nostrils with no discharge and proper airflow -no sneezing -sniffing for food/other smells -slightly dry or moist

Question 35

What constitutes "normal" for an animal's mouth?

Answer 35

-symmetrical and able to open -no over- or underbite -normal shape and contour of teeth -normal gingiva -no odor or tarter/discoloration on teeth -normal mucosa

Question 36

Why is it important to check under the tongue?

Answer 36

to identify potential masses in animals presenting with vomiting

Question 37

What constitutes "normal" for an animal's eyes?

Answer 37

-symmetric with open eyelids -no discharge -clear corneas and white sclera -pink conjunctiva -able to visualize

Question 38

What is the menace response?

Answer 38

a test to determine an animal's eyesight that involves moving your hand towards their face to see if they blink in response

Question 39

What constitutes "normal" for an animal's ears?

Answer 39

-symmetric, smooth pinnae -open ear holes with soft ear canals -clean ears with no odors -pale pink color