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Nuclear Medicine > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are pharmacodynamics

A

what the drug dose to the body

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2
Q

pharmacokinetics measn

A

what the body does to the drug

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3
Q

what is the ADME of a drug

A

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

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4
Q

how do radiopharmaceuticals effect pharmacodynamics

A

some radiopharmaceuticals localize using pharmacodynamicpathways, but do not change biochemistry. Any effect on the body is due to the radioactivity being present, not due to the drug or chemical

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5
Q

how do radiopharmaceuticals effect pharmacokinetics

A

yes. The radiopharmaceutical localizes to delvier radiation. We diagnosis we watch waht the body does to the drug, and where it localizes

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6
Q

why does localization matter

A

it is because it has to stay in one spot to see it on imaging

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7
Q

how do the chemical properties affect localization

A

the radioactive atom itself has a chemical properties which are useful localization. The radioactive atom is attached to a chemial or is built into the molecule to give the radioactivity useful localization.

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8
Q

how do the physical properties affect localization

A

radioactivity attached to particles or made into particles

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9
Q

what are some of the methods of localization

A 
passive diffusion
filtration
facilitated diffusion
active transport
secretion
phagocytosis
cell sequestration
capillary blockade
ion exchange
chemisorption
cellular migration
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10
Q

how does the radioactivity work in medicine

A

the energy source is internalized to image or to deliver therapy. Work comes from the radioactivity, not the body or the camera. Assesses function of body, not just anatomy. Pinpoint the therapy inside the body

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11
Q

what is the smallest particle that still possesses a property of an element

A

atom

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12
Q

what is the coloumb force

A

it repels the like charges of the protons

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13
Q

what is the nucelar binding force

A

it binds the nucleons together

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14
Q

what determines stability in the nucelus

A

ratio of protons vs. neutrons and total number of neutrons. Unstable elements may achieve stability through a radioactive decay process

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15
Q

what z makes it unstable

A

over 83

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16
Q

what is ionizing radiation

A

when ionizing radiation passes through material such as air, water, or living tissue, it deposits enough energy to produce ions by breaking molecular bonds and displace or remove electrons from atoms or molecules

17
Q

what is alpha radiation used for

A

therapy, and it is a very big particel and it is the nucelus of a helium atom with no electrons. It is very destructive to cells when internalized. High linear energy transfer. Not a threat to organisms externally, but travels a few cm through the air

18
Q

what is beta radiation used for

A

therapy, particle for high energy electron, and can travel a few meters through the air and is destructive

19
Q

what damage can radiation cause to DNA

A

H2 bond break, double strand break, pyrimidine dimer, base loss, base change, cross-linkage, single strand break, protein cross-link

20
Q

what is gamma radiation used for

A

gamma is used for imaging only, and it is electromagnetic energy, and it has short wavelength and high energy. It can travel up to 500m through the air. More than 1 gamma ray can produced from 1 atom. Ammount of energy can differ between two different radioactive atoms that both emit gammas.

21
Q

does every radioactive atom have the same half life?

A

no

22
Q

what has the longest half life

A

I-121 for 8 days

23
Q

what is the shortest half life

A

C-11

24
Q

is there more than one step in decay

A

there are multiple steps of decay and different types of energies are emitted and different amounts of gamma energy

25
Q

does half life vary between mother and daughter species

A

yes it can

26
Q

can a radiopharmaceutical be stored

A

not really. Radioactivity is created then it must be made ready for patient use. In the process, the radioactive atom may be build into a new molecule ikn order to amke the radioactive energy localize in a specific location

27
Q

how can we make radioactive compounds

A

manipulate natural resources to put radioactivity to work as reactors and then use natural law or physics to create new radioactivity called cyclotrons

28
Q

what is produced from a reactor like examples and how does it work

A

energy from fission reaction makes other atoms unstable. Mo, Tc, I, P, Xe, Y, Sm, Sr

29
Q

what is produced from a cyclotron like examples and how does it work

A

I, F, C, Ga, In, TI, O, N, atomic particles are acclerated and smashed into atoms to make them unstable

Nuclear Medicine (5 decks)

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