Lecture 3 Flashcards
what are pharmacodynamics
what the drug dose to the body
pharmacokinetics measn
what the body does to the drug
what is the ADME of a drug
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
how do radiopharmaceuticals effect pharmacodynamics
some radiopharmaceuticals localize using pharmacodynamicpathways, but do not change biochemistry. Any effect on the body is due to the radioactivity being present, not due to the drug or chemical
how do radiopharmaceuticals effect pharmacokinetics
yes. The radiopharmaceutical localizes to delvier radiation. We diagnosis we watch waht the body does to the drug, and where it localizes
why does localization matter
it is because it has to stay in one spot to see it on imaging
how do the chemical properties affect localization
the radioactive atom itself has a chemical properties which are useful localization. The radioactive atom is attached to a chemial or is built into the molecule to give the radioactivity useful localization.
how do the physical properties affect localization
radioactivity attached to particles or made into particles
what are some of the methods of localization
passive diffusion filtration facilitated diffusion active transport secretion phagocytosis cell sequestration capillary blockade ion exchange chemisorption cellular migration
how does the radioactivity work in medicine
the energy source is internalized to image or to deliver therapy. Work comes from the radioactivity, not the body or the camera. Assesses function of body, not just anatomy. Pinpoint the therapy inside the body
what is the smallest particle that still possesses a property of an element
atom
what is the coloumb force
it repels the like charges of the protons
what is the nucelar binding force
it binds the nucleons together
what determines stability in the nucelus
ratio of protons vs. neutrons and total number of neutrons. Unstable elements may achieve stability through a radioactive decay process
what z makes it unstable
over 83
what is ionizing radiation
when ionizing radiation passes through material such as air, water, or living tissue, it deposits enough energy to produce ions by breaking molecular bonds and displace or remove electrons from atoms or molecules
what is alpha radiation used for
therapy, and it is a very big particel and it is the nucelus of a helium atom with no electrons. It is very destructive to cells when internalized. High linear energy transfer. Not a threat to organisms externally, but travels a few cm through the air
what is beta radiation used for
therapy, particle for high energy electron, and can travel a few meters through the air and is destructive
what damage can radiation cause to DNA
H2 bond break, double strand break, pyrimidine dimer, base loss, base change, cross-linkage, single strand break, protein cross-link
what is gamma radiation used for
gamma is used for imaging only, and it is electromagnetic energy, and it has short wavelength and high energy. It can travel up to 500m through the air. More than 1 gamma ray can produced from 1 atom. Ammount of energy can differ between two different radioactive atoms that both emit gammas.
does every radioactive atom have the same half life?
no
what has the longest half life
I-121 for 8 days
what is the shortest half life
C-11
is there more than one step in decay
there are multiple steps of decay and different types of energies are emitted and different amounts of gamma energy
does half life vary between mother and daughter species
yes it can
can a radiopharmaceutical be stored
not really. Radioactivity is created then it must be made ready for patient use. In the process, the radioactive atom may be build into a new molecule ikn order to amke the radioactive energy localize in a specific location
how can we make radioactive compounds
manipulate natural resources to put radioactivity to work as reactors and then use natural law or physics to create new radioactivity called cyclotrons
what is produced from a reactor like examples and how does it work
energy from fission reaction makes other atoms unstable. Mo, Tc, I, P, Xe, Y, Sm, Sr
what is produced from a cyclotron like examples and how does it work
I, F, C, Ga, In, TI, O, N, atomic particles are acclerated and smashed into atoms to make them unstable
