Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the steps of life history

A

Fertilization , embryonic development and maturation

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2
Q

what is fertilization ?

A

when the egg and sperm unite

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3
Q

After fertilization what happens next?

A

Zygote ( meaning that the egg is fertilized)

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4
Q

What are the patters of cleavage?

A

Holoblastic, meroblastic, radial and spiral

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5
Q

What is Holoblastic?

A

biotic furrow passes successfully though the entire zygote from animal to vegetal pole

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6
Q

Meroblastic?

A

biotic furrow does not go through the entire zygote

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7
Q

Spiral?

A

not going into deep

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8
Q

Radial

A

cutting it in every direction they will look the same

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9
Q

Morula

A

collection of cells

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10
Q

Blastula:

A

Big hollow ball of cells

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11
Q

what is surrounding the blastocoel?

A

blastomere

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12
Q

what is gastrulation?

A

Gut formation

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13
Q

what consist to rearrangement?

A

the moving of cells moving around

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14
Q

What is different from protostome and deuterstomes

A

the formation of the blastopore being the mouth or the anus

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15
Q

what consist of defferneiation

A

cells moving around to specialize to specific function

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16
Q

What does cell movement due during gastrulation?

A

Epiboly: a layer of tissue covering the outside of the cell
Invagination: ( indentation of w alls) epithelial tissue bends inward
Ingression: cells leave an epithelial sheet by transforming from well behaved epithelial cell to a freely migrating mesenchyme cell.

Involution: tissue sheet rolls inward to form underlay-layer

17
Q

what are the differentiation germ layers?

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

18
Q

what is the endoderm

A

it is the gut ( digestive tract)

19
Q

Mesoderm what is it

A

Muscle, skeletal, some organs and connective tissue

20
Q

mesoderm forms this which are referred a clumps ?

21
Q

Dermatome?

A

area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve

22
Q

Myotome

A

give rise to the skeletal musculature

23
Q

sclerotome

A

give rise to the the vertebrae

24
Q

Mesenchyme

A

give rise to connective tissue

25
what is ectoderm
rise to the skin and nervous system,
26
What is neurulation?
formation of neural plate and nerucoel
27
primary neuralation
creates neural folds which meet in the middle and it is what creates our brain and nervous tissue
28
Secondary neurlation
neural keel
29
what are neural crest cells?
they contribute to multiple organs and unique to vets
30
Ectodermal placodes
sensory neves are of thickening
31
Ontogeny
development of human body
32
metamorphosis
a fast way in which an organism changes
33
heterochrony
changes of the rate of eveelopment compared to your ancestors
34
persmorphosis
features that are exaggerated compared to your ancestors
35
paedomorphosis
retention of juvenile characteristics