Lecture 3

Question 1

what are the steps of life history

Answer 1

Fertilization , embryonic development and maturation

Question 2

what is fertilization ?

Answer 2

when the egg and sperm unite

Question 3

After fertilization what happens next?

Answer 3

Zygote ( meaning that the egg is fertilized)

Question 4

What are the patters of cleavage?

Answer 4

Holoblastic, meroblastic, radial and spiral

Question 5

What is Holoblastic?

Answer 5

biotic furrow passes successfully though the entire zygote from animal to vegetal pole

Question 6

Meroblastic?

Answer 6

biotic furrow does not go through the entire zygote

Question 7

Spiral?

Answer 7

not going into deep

Question 8

Radial

Answer 8

cutting it in every direction they will look the same

Question 9

Morula

Answer 9

collection of cells

Question 10

Blastula:

Answer 10

Big hollow ball of cells

Question 11

what is surrounding the blastocoel?

Answer 11

blastomere

Question 12

what is gastrulation?

Answer 12

Gut formation

Question 13

what consist to rearrangement?

Answer 13

the moving of cells moving around

Question 14

What is different from protostome and deuterstomes

Answer 14

the formation of the blastopore being the mouth or the anus

Question 15

what consist of defferneiation

Answer 15

cells moving around to specialize to specific function

Question 16

What does cell movement due during gastrulation?

Answer 16

Epiboly: a layer of tissue covering the outside of the cell
Invagination: ( indentation of w alls) epithelial tissue bends inward
Ingression: cells leave an epithelial sheet by transforming from well behaved epithelial cell to a freely migrating mesenchyme cell.

Involution: tissue sheet rolls inward to form underlay-layer

Question 17

what are the differentiation germ layers?

Answer 17

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Question 18

what is the endoderm

Answer 18

it is the gut ( digestive tract)

Question 19

Mesoderm what is it

Answer 19

Muscle, skeletal, some organs and connective tissue

Question 20

mesoderm forms this which are referred a clumps ?

Answer 20

somites

Question 21

Dermatome?

Answer 21

area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 22

Myotome

Answer 22

give rise to the skeletal musculature

Question 23

sclerotome

Answer 23

give rise to the the vertebrae

Question 24

Mesenchyme

Answer 24

give rise to connective tissue

Question 25

what is ectoderm

Answer 25

rise to the skin and nervous system,

Question 26

What is neurulation?

Answer 26

formation of neural plate and nerucoel

Question 27

primary neuralation

Answer 27

creates neural folds which meet in the middle and it is what creates our brain and nervous tissue

Question 28

Secondary neurlation

Answer 28

neural keel

Question 29

what are neural crest cells?

Answer 29

they contribute to multiple organs and unique to vets

Question 30

Ectodermal placodes

Answer 30

sensory neves are of thickening

Question 31

Ontogeny

Answer 31

development of human body

Question 32

metamorphosis

Answer 32

a fast way in which an organism changes

Question 33

heterochrony

Answer 33

changes of the rate of eveelopment compared to your ancestors

Question 34

persmorphosis

Answer 34

features that are exaggerated compared to your ancestors

Question 35

paedomorphosis

Answer 35

retention of juvenile characteristics