Lecture 3

Question 1

What is normal water intake?

Normal urine output?

Answer 1

Water- 40 to 60 mL/kg/day

Urine- 5 to 20 mL/kg/day

Question 2

What might you see on oral exam in an animal with kidney disease

Answer 2

Excessive tartar, oral ulcerations

Question 3

How can anemia cause renal disease?

How can it be an effect of renal disease?

Answer 3

Cause- hemolysis, acute blood loss

Effect- anemia of chronic inflammation from decreased erythropoetin

Question 4

Findings with chronic infection or inflammation

Answer 4

Neutrophilia
Increased fibrinogens
Increased globulins/TP

Question 5

What findings will you see with glomerulonephritis

Answer 5

Hypoalbuminemia

Panhypoproteinemia (usually GI though)

Question 6

Electrolyte findings of aki

Answer 6

Low Na, Cl

Increased K, Mg

Question 7

Electrolyte findings of CKD

Answer 7

*horses
Increased Ca
Decreased P

Question 8

What type of urine do herbivores have? What are the exceptions?

Answer 8

Alkaline

Exceptions- high protein diet, anorexia, neonate

Question 9

When is hyposethenuria normal

Answer 9

Suckling foals

Question 10

Describe GGT

Answer 10

Proximal tubular brush border enzyme

Early indicator of proximal tubule damage

Question 11

Describe urine GGT/creatinine ratio

Answer 11

Normal is less than 25
25-100 is debatable
Over 100 is clinically relevant

Question 12

What causes false positives on protein pad

Answer 12

Alkaline urine

Hemoglobin

Question 13

What does glucosuria with normoglycemia mean

Answer 13

Proximal tubular damage

Question 14

Water deprivation tests

Answer 14

Evaluates concentrating ability of kidneys and can distinguish between psychogenic polydipsia, neurogenic diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus