Lecture 1 Flashcards
functions of the kidneys
Fluid and electrolyte balance Excretion of nitrogenous wastes Erythopoeitin Renin Vitamin D activation
What happens if the glomerulus is functioning abnormally
Proteinuria
When does BUN/creatinine increase
When more than 75% of kidney function is lost
Azotemia
Accumulation of BUN, creatinine, or both
Prerenal azotemia
Usually just BUN
Can be caused by GI disease, or high protein diet, or dehydration
Post renal azotemia
Obstruction, rupture
Uremia
Clinical signs associated with renal failure
What signs are urinary specific
Stranguria
Pollakiuria
Hematuria
What estimates GFR
BUN
Creatinine
Mainly those two but also have SDMA, creatinine/iohexol/inulin clearance, and nuclear scintigraphy
Describe SDMA
Good because not affected by muscle mass so maybe used in muscle wasted patients
Not sure if it’s more sensitive though
What does creatinine/iohexol/inulin clearance test
Global GFR
What is the only way to test individual kidney GFR
Nuclear scintigraphy
If dehydrated so bad that pet is azotemic, what should USG be
Dogs- greater than or equal to 1.035
Cats- greater than or equal to 1.040
Which parts of the reagents strips are not accurate
Leukocytes, nitrites, urobilinogen, and SG
*only pH, glucose, ketones, hemoglobin, protein, and bilirubin
What things affect the reagent strips
Moisture, alkaline urine, discolored urine
