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EP 4703 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

the phenomenon of _________ does not allow an AP to backfire

A

inactivation of Na+ channels

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2
Q

inactivation of Na+ channels is referred to as the _______ refractory period

A

absolute

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3
Q

What two factors affect the speed of an AP

A

diameter (larger diameter = faster) and myelination

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4
Q

Myelin sheath has break called)_______ nodes where APs are generated

A

Ranvier

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5
Q

5 Steps of conduction of AP

A
  1. membrane depolarization to the threshold
  2. generation of an AP
  3. local currents spread passively
  4. they depolarize adjacent areas of he membrane
  5. a new action potential is generated
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6
Q

Action potential cannot backfire because of the absolute refractory period which is due to

A

inactivation of Na+ channels

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7
Q

the fastest conducting axons in the nervous system would have 2 characteristics?

A

large diameter and myelination

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8
Q

the slowest conducting axons in the nervous system would have what 2 characteristics?

A

small diameter and unmyelinaed

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9
Q

from the soma to terminal branches

A

orthodromic conduction

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10
Q

from the end of the axons to the soma

A

Antidromic conduction

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11
Q

Sensory neurons have what type of conduction

A

antidromic conduction

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12
Q

motor neurons have what type of conductin

A

orthodromic conduction

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13
Q

body of the cell: the site of input signals

A

soma

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14
Q

short branches originating from the soma; sites of inputs

A

dendrites

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15
Q

a long branch; transmits output signals

A

axon

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16
Q

the site where the axon exits the soma; typically the site of generation of APs

A

axon hillock

17
Q

a brush at the end of the axon

A

terminal branches

18
Q

a fatlike substance covering the axon; it increases the speed of conduction of APs

A

myelin

19
Q

breaks in the myelin sheath; places wher APs are generated

A

Ranvier nodes

20
Q

many axons running together

A

nerve (peripheral) or neural tracts (central)

21
Q

______ allow the dendrite to start generating APs and continue to do so without any external stimuli as long as the membrane potential stays above threshold

A

Persistent Inward Currents (PIC)

22
Q

PICs are good for _____ and are found in what type of neurons

A

postural muscles and in isometric situation

Alpha motor neurons

23
Q

AP on the presynaptic membrane that always gives rise to an AP on the postsynaptic membrane

A

Obligatory

24
Q

A single AP on the presynaptic membrane is typically unable to induce an AP on the postsynaptic membrane

A

nonobligatory

25
Q

EPSP causes

A

depolarization

26
Q

IPSP causes

A

hyperploarization

27
Q

Steps of synaptic transmission (5)

A
  1. a presynaptic AP arrives
  2. the presynaptic membrane lets vessicles with molecules of neurotransmitters pass through
  3. the vesicles release the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
  4. the molecules diffuse across the cleft to the postsynaptic membrane and act at special sites (receptors)
  5. the postsynaptic membrane is either depolarized or hyperpolarized.
28
Q

Electrical synapses are located b/w ______ and _____ cells in the brain

A

glial and schwann

29
Q

what is the diff. b/w chemical and electrical synapses?

A
  • chemical: use neurotransmitter so it is a little shower

- electrical: faster; less synaptic delay than chemical

30
Q

________ summation occurs when several APs arrive at a presynaptic membrane at intervals that do not allow individual EPSP to disapprear

A

Temporal

31
Q

______ summation occurs when several APs arrive SIMULTANEOUSLY synapses on the same presynaptic membrane so that their individual EPSPs sum up and can induce an AP

A

Spatial

32
Q

Temporal and Spatial summation can only occur for EPSPs (Tor F)

A

False

33
Q

Why is it important the temporal and spatial summation can occur for IPSPs?

A

can help with control; will increase the amount of inhibition.

EP 4703 (3 decks)

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