Lecture 2

Question 1

in neurons, the Resting Membrane Potential is b/w ___ and ___

Answer 1

-60 to -70mV

Question 2

The action potential allows for the communication of information at a much more _____ pace than convection or diffusion

Answer 2

rapid

Question 3

What are the 3 ions in the body that are important in the neurons of humans. they play and active role in the electric capabilities of the system and are important components influencing neural communication.

Answer 3

Na+
K+
Cl-

Question 4

Sodium is more concentrated (inside or outside)

Answer 4

outside

Question 5

potassium is more concentrated (inside or outside)

Answer 5

inside

Question 6

Chloride is more concentrated (inside or outside)

Answer 6

inside

Question 7

a membrane may be considered a________ this means it can store an electric charge or potential, which will allow it to spread.

Answer 7

capacitor

Question 8

the dispersion of an electric signal

Answer 8

action potential

Question 9

A small stimulus leads to a small response.
A medium stimulus leads to a medium response.
A large stimulus leads to a large response. what does this mean

Answer 9

the AP will always be the same, the response refers to the amount and frequency of APs.

Question 10

An action potential only occurs when the stimulus is strong enough to _________ the membrane beyond the membrane potential

Answer 10

depolarize

Question 11

either the membrane does not generate an AP or it generates and AP with a standard shape and magnitude

Answer 11

All or none Law

Question 12

a negative movement of the membrane potential

Answer 12

hyperpolarization

Question 13

during hyperpolarization, ______ moves _____

Answer 13

K+ moves out

Question 14

a positive shift in the membrane potential

Answer 14

depolarization

Question 15

during depolarization ______ moves ___

Answer 15

Na+ moves in

Question 16

what happens to the MP during depolarization and hyperpolarization?

Answer 16

depolarization: becomes more positive (Na+ come in)
hyperpolarization: becomes more negative (K+ goes out)

Question 17

would a large intensity stimulus, such as stepping on a sharp object, cause a larger AP to be generated?

Answer 17

No, it would only cause a greater frequency of AP

Question 18

the period following the generation of an AP in which it is not possible to generate a new AP

Answer 18

absolute refractory period

Question 19

the period followin the generation of an action potential in which it is possibl to generate another action potential. the second action potential may not be generated with the same intensity of stimulus. An increase in intensity is necessary to generate a new AP

Answer 19

relative refractory period

Question 20

______ feedback leads to a rapid amplification of the effect

Answer 20

positive

Question 21

______ feedback quickly restores the original state

Answer 21

negative

Question 22

depolarization is ______ feedback

Answer 22

positive

Question 23

hyperpolarization is _______ feedback

Answer 23

negative

Question 24

examples of positive feedback

Answer 24

running, then you speed up

Question 25

example of negative feedback

Answer 25

running, have to slow down bc you can to an intersection

Question 26

How do Na+ channels open and close?

Answer 26

they open quickly, but close quickly too

Question 27

How do K+ channels open and close

Answer 27

they open slower, and remain open longer

Question 28

4 important properties of APs for neural signaling

Answer 28

1. APs have a threshold for initiation (-50 mV) at which an AP is generated
2. The AP is an All or None movement.
3. The AP is conducted w/o decrement. It is self regenerative, which keeps AP constant
4. the AP is followed by a refractory period.