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LSCI230 (Microbiology) > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

main types of transport?

A
  1. simple diffusion: no ATP used
  2. facilitated diffusion/ passive transport:
    - transported by protein or channel
    - moves down gradient (noATP)
    - 2 types: channel and carrier mediated
  3. Active transport
    - needs energy to move solutes against conc gradient
    - 3 types: simple transport, gorup translocation, ABC transporter
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2
Q

what are the types of active transport?

A
  1. simple transport: uses pmf
  2. group translocation:
    - uses phosphoenolpyruvate to drive chemical modifications of transported substance
    - net effect = phosphorylation of glucose (glucose becomes glucose-6-phosphate) = glucose conformation changes = glucose can’t go out anymore
  3. ABC transporter:
    - ATP binding cassette
    - uses ATP
    - 3 components: membrane spanning protein, substrate specific binding protein, ATP hydrolyzing protein
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3
Q

2 types of passive transport/facilitated diffusion?

A

channel mediated

  • for very small substances
  • low specificity

carrier mediated

  • more specific
  • will block the pore
  • substrate binds on one side of membrane –> carrier conformation shifts –> gate closes on one side but opens on the other
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4
Q

another name for passive transport?

A

facilitated diffusion

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5
Q

types of transport events?

A
  1. uniporter:
  2. antiporter: different directions
  3. symporter: both moves in same direction
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6
Q

when is pmf generated?

A

generates when a terminal electron acceptor is present (when respiration occurs)

not generated when respiration is not possible = ATPase is reversed to pump protons out of the cell

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7
Q

when is pmf generated?

A

generates when a terminal electron acceptor is present (when respiration occurs)

not generated when respiration is not possible = ATPase is reversed to pump protons out of the cell

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8
Q

what are the 2 forces of pmf?

A
  1. pH (conc of H+)

2. membrane potential

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9
Q

what is group translocation?

A

where substrate is modified as it passes through transporter across the membrane

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10
Q

how many protons does P-type ATPase produce per ATP? F-type?

A

P-type: produces 1 proton per ATP hydrolyzed (eukaryotes)

F-type: produces 3 protons per ATP hydrolyzed (prokaryotes)

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11
Q

3 types of endocytosis?

A
  1. phagocytosis: larger solid particles
  2. pinocytosis
  3. receptor mediated endocytosis:
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12
Q

what are essential for endocytosis?

A

actin filaments - they modify the membrane and the vesicle

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13
Q

what is oxidation? reduction?

A

oxidation: removal of electrons
reduction: addition of electrons

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14
Q

what are the 3 basic catabolic pathways?

A
  1. glycolytic pathway
  2. pentose phosphate pathway
  3. TCA
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15
Q

describe redox couples

A

electron donor is energy source

electron carrier provides reducing power (NAD or NADH)

refer to chart

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16
Q

what are the 2 possible metabolic pathway reactions?

A
  1. fermentation: ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation
  2. respiration: organic compounds are oxidized to co2 with o2 as electron acceptor. ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation
17
Q

net yield of glycolysis?

how is ATP produced?

A

2 ATP, 2 NADH + H+

ATP produced by substate level phosphorylation

18
Q

net effect of one turn of TCA?

A

oxidation of acetyl group of acetyl coa

2 co2
1GTP
3 NADH+H+
1 FADH2

19
Q

what are the different complexes in aerobic respiration?

A

complex 1: NADH dehydrogenase, FMN (H carrier), Fe-S center (electron carrier)

Q: quinone (H carrier)

complex 2: succinate dehydrogenase, FAD (Hcarrier)

complex 3: cytochrome bc1, Fe-S (electron carriers)

cytochrom c: electron carrier

complex 4: electron carrier, terminal oxidase

20
Q

what are the different complexes in aerobic respiration?

A

complex 1: NADH dehydrogenase, FMN (H carrier), Fe-S center (electron carrier)

Q: quinone (H carrier)

complex 2: succinate dehydrogenase, FAD (H carrier)

complex 3: cytochrome bc1, Fe-S (electron carriers)

cytochrom c: electron carrier

complex 4: electron carrier, terminal oxidase

21
Q

what happens at the final step of aerobic respiration?

A

2e- and 2H+ are used to reduce O2 to H2o

22
Q

example of pmf driven processes?

A

flagellum rotation
transport across membrane
ATP synthesis

23
Q

describe the pmf equation

A

delta p = delta fork + (-z deltapH)

delta p = pmf

delta fork = membrane potential (mV)

delta pH = transmembrane pH gradient (pHout-pHin)

z factor = converts pH into mV

24
Q

ATP produced in glycolysis by substrate level phos and oxidative phos?

A

substrate level: 2 ATP
ox phosph: 2 NADH = 6 ATP

total: 8 ATP

25
Q

ATP produced in TCA by substrate level phos and oxidative phos?

A

substrate level: 1 GTP = 1 ATP

ox phosph: 4
NADH = 12 ATP
1 FADH2 = 2 ATP

total:15 ATP x 2 = 30 ATP

26
Q

ATP produced by TCA and glycolysis in total?

A

38 ATP per glucose

27
Q

goals of fermentation? why does it happen?

A
  • if no terminal electron acceptor is available = succinate can’t be oxidized by succinate dehydrogenase = need fermentation
  • the final electron acceptor will be an organic compound instead of oxygen
  • smaller ATP yield than respiration
28
Q

describe pentose phosphate pathway

A

produces NADPH + H+ needed as a reducing power for most anabolic rxns

used to produce ribose and deoxyribose

produces 2 NADPH per glucose molecules

29
Q

in eukaryotes, what processes occur in mitochondria? in cytoplasm?

A

mitochondria: TCA, resp and ox phosphorylation
cytoplasm: glycolysis and fermentation

30
Q

in prokaryotes, what processes occur in mitochondria? in cytoplasm?

A

cytoplasmic membrane: resp chain

cytoplasm: glycolysis, TCA, fermentation

31
Q

where does pentose phosphate pathway occur?

A

in cytoplasm in prok and euk

LSCI230 (Microbiology) (4 decks)

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