Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geo of Hazards > Lecture #3 > Flashcards

Lecture #3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does Tsunami mean in Japanese?

A

Harbour wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are tsunamis produced?

A

By the sudden displacement of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 ways in which earthquakes can cause tsunamis?

A
  • Displacement of sea floor

- Triggering landslides which fall into the water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What magnitude of an earthquakes is required to produce a tsunami event as well?

A

7.5M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the 1st stage of tsunami development?

A

Displacement of the seafloor pushes the water up and when it hits the surface it spreads outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the 2nd stage of tsunami development?

A

Waves move rapidly across the open ocean, but are asmall

-spacing between waves in large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the 3rd stage of tsunami development?

A

As the tsunami approaches land the water depth decreased

-causes the water to pile up and decrease wave speed, decrease in spacing of the waves and an increase in wave amplitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the 4th stage of tsunami development?

A

As the tsunami hits land, waves get taller

-wave speeds up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a run up?

A

The max horizontal and vertical distances that the largest waves of tsunami reaches as it travels inland
-basically describes the geographic area impacted by a tsunami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a distant tsunami?

A

Also called tele-tsunamis

  • Travels thousands of kilometres across the open ocean
  • has a lessened impact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what its a local tsunami?

A

A tsunami that affects shorlines a few kilometres to about 100 km from its source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which areas are at a greater risk of being affected by tsunamis?

A
  • coasts located near or across the ocean from subduction zones
  • Pacific ocean
  • Mediterranean sea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are primary effects of tsunamis?

A

Floodin+ erosion destroys vegetation adn infrastructure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do most deaths occur from tsunamis?

A

Drowning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are secondary effects of tsunamis?

A

These effects generally occur after the event is over

-fires, contaminated water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the natural service functions of tsunamis?

A

-Carry fertile sediment onto the land that can then be used for agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When did the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004 happen? What was the magnitude of the earthquake that caused it?

A

December 26th

9.1M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where did the Indian ocean tsunami occur?

A

At subduction zone between burma and indo-australian plate

-3rd strongest quake in world history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many and why did so many people die?

A

230,000
because they didn’t have a proper warning system in place in the pacific ocean
-people weren’t familiar with tsunamis and ignored the warning signs

20
Q

Why isn’t a warning system enough?

A

Need an evacuation plan

tsunami education is also needed

21
Q

How do you detect tsunamis?

A

Seismographs are connected to buoys that verify if a tsunami was produced from the quake.

22
Q

What are Tsunameters?

A

Sensors that rest on the sea floor and measure changes in water pressure paling over them

23
Q

What are some structural controls for tsunamis?

A
  • better building regulations
  • levees
  • off shore barriers
24
Q

What are inundation maps?

A

Shows the run up of previous tsunamis which help to plan for future events

25
Q

Why is vegetation important in the protection of land?

A

Dense vegetation protects areas farther inland

26
Q

When did the Japan Tsunami occur and what magnitude?

A

March 11th 2011

9M quake which produced the tsunami

27
Q

Was there a warning issued for the Japan tsunami?

A

Yes, just an hour before it hit land

28
Q

Midterm Question: Why are tsunamis rare in the Atlantic Ocean?

A

Because earthquakes aren’t common in the Atlantic ocean because there isn’t a plate boundary there to create one. So no quake=no tsunami

29
Q

What are the 3 categories of Adjustment?

A
  1. Modify the Loss Burden
  2. Modify the Design
  3. Modify Human Vulnerability
30
Q

What does it mean to modify the loss burden?

A

loss sharing
-spreading the burden well beyond immediate victims
Ex: insurance and relief aid

31
Q

What does it mean to modify the design?

A

loss reduction
-requires a knowledge base of the hazard
Ex: retrofitting buildings

32
Q

What does it meant o modify human vulnerability?

A

Adjusting the population to the possible events

Ex: land planning warning systems, preparedness programs

33
Q

What are the 2 scenarios of loss?

A
  1. Accepting Loss

2. Sharing loss

34
Q

How do people accept loss?

A

This is the ‘free choice’ it is a no action response.

-people choose to live how they want regardless of the hazard risk

35
Q

how do people share loss?

A

This is the government action response

  • may be laws in place to prevent people from lung in certain areas
  • if government doesn’t intervene after a disaster there is often political ramifications
36
Q

What external sources can aid come from?

A

UNICEF, government, insurance, local

37
Q

What is the problem with sharing loss?

A
  • Donor fatigue can set in if there are many disasters
  • Recovery can take a long time
  • Aid and enthusiasm to donate eventually fades
38
Q

What are the 3 factors affecting individual adjustment choices?

A
  1. Experience
  2. Material Wealth
  3. Personality
39
Q

What does it mean by experience when looking at factors that affect individual adjustment choices?

A

More experience with a hazard results in more likelihood of adjustment

40
Q

What does it mean by material wealth when looking at factors that affect individual adjustment choices?

A

More resources result in more information and more options

41
Q

What does it mean by personality when looking at factors that affect individual adjustment choices?

A

Some people are more likely to take risks, some people have more confidence than others

42
Q

What is the prospect theory

A

Generally, people are more willing to protect against a loss than than they are willing to gamble on an equivalent gaini

43
Q

What is purposeful adjustment in terms of human responses to hazards?

A

This is an adjustment that is specifically designed to reduce loss or damage
-Ex: designing building to withstand high magnitude quakes

44
Q

What is incidental adjustment in terms of human responses to hazards?

A

These are not primarily hazard-related but they have the effect of reducing potential loss
-Ex: Improved warning systems

45
Q

What is absorptive capacity in terms of human responses to hazards?

A

measure of the ability of people to sustain impacts from a hazard
-results from cultural purposeful and incidental adjustments

46
Q

The likelihood of a 100 year tornado touching down in 2016 is considerably less than 0.01 because one struck in 2015. true or false?

A

False: just because it happened last year inset relevant to the year we are looking at, we don’t cary over the weather from last year over. We reset every year

47
Q

What is Gamblers Fallacy

A

the belief that the occurrence of a chance event influences the probability of future occurrences

Geo of Hazards (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions