Lecture 3

Question 1

basic building blocks of matter

Answer 1

atoms

Question 2

Atomic Theory of Matter:

List 5 key concepts that describe atoms

Answer 2

1. all matter is made up of atoms
2. all atoms of the same element are similar but they are significantly different from atoms of another element
3. the number and arrangements of atoms determines a substance’s identity
4. chemical change is rearrangement of atoms to give a new substance
5. only whole atoms participate in a chemical change (can’t be broken down)

Question 3

2 Las that fall under Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Answer 3

Law of Conservation of Matter

Law of Definite Proportions

Question 4

the elements in a compound are always present in definite proportions

Answer 4

Law of Definite Proportions

Question 5

matter is neither lost nor gained during a chemical reaction

Answer 5

Law of Conservation of Matter

Question 6

True/False: the composition of a pure substance is not constant

Answer 6

FALSE! IT IS CONSTANT!

Question 7

building blocks of atoms

Answer 7

subatomic particles

Question 8

3 subatomic particles

Answer 8

electrons
protons
neutrons

Question 9

where are the protons and neutrons located in an atom

Answer 9

the nucleus

Question 10

where are the electrons located in an atom

Answer 10

extranuclear

Question 11

Movement of electrons determine _____ of an atom

Answer 11

size

Question 12

The protons and neutrons = ______% mass of an atom

Answer 12

99.9%

Question 13

The protons are equal to the _______ on and element on the periodic table

Answer 13

atomic number

Question 14

How to determine the number of electrons of an element

Answer 14

it’s the same as the number of protons

Question 15

How to determine the number of neutrons of an element

Answer 15

atomic mass - # protons

Question 16

atoms of same electron with different # of neutrons

Answer 16

isotope

Question 17

True/False: all atoms of an element must have different # of protons, but can also differ # of neutrons

Answer 17

FALSE! all atoms of an element must have the same # of protons, but can vary in # of neutrons

Question 18

average of different isotopes atomic masses

Answer 18

atomic weight

Question 19

repeating according to some patter

Answer 19

periodic

Question 20

when elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic #, their chemical and physical properties show repeatable trends

Answer 20

periodic law

Question 21

Where are representative elements located on periodic table

Answer 21

the “A” group

Question 22

Where are the transition elements located on the periodic table

Answer 22

the “B” group

Question 23

True/False: halogens are always colored

Answer 23

FALSE! halogens are NOT always colored

Question 24

True/False: most metals are red

Answer 24

FASLE! most metals are gray

Question 25

Electron Shell Capacity

Answer 25

1st shell = 2
2nd shell = 8
3rd shell = 18
4th shell = 32
5th shell = 50
6th shell = 72
7th shell = 98

• shells 3…. overlap in energy

Question 26

subshells and their capacity

Answer 26

s = 2 e-, 1 orbital
p = 6 e-, 3 orbital
d = 10 e-, 5 orbital
f = 14 e-, 7 orbital

Question 27

describes the arrangement of e- in an atom

• because an e-‘s energy is ______ it can have only specific values

Answer 27

quantum mechanics

Question 28

Who showed that atoms are mostly empty space

Answer 28

Rutherford

Question 29

Who found the charge to mass ratio of e-

Answer 29

Thomson

Question 30

Who showed that the charge on any particle is a multiple of the charge on an e-

Answer 30

Millikan