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Biophysics > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the diameter of red blood cells

A

7 or 8*10^-6

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2
Q

what is the diamter of a monocyte

A

20 microns

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3
Q

what is the diameter of cornonary artery

A

4 mm

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4
Q

a monocyte is also known as a

A

white blood cell

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5
Q

what is the function of HDL

A

it carries cholesterol from tissues to the liver

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6
Q

t/f HDL has an antioxidant effect

A

true

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7
Q

what is the function of a leukocyte

A

it attacks bacteria

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8
Q

what is the diameter of a leukocyte

A

12 to 15 micrometers

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9
Q

what is the oil molecule

A

trigliceride

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10
Q

what is another name for a white blood cell

A

leukocyte

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11
Q

exponent form of : billion

A

10^9

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12
Q

exponent form of : trillion

A

10^12

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13
Q

exponent form of : quintillion

A

10^18

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14
Q

exponent form of : septillion

A

10^24

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15
Q

1 mole of molecules is equivalent to

A

6.022*10^23

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16
Q

1 mole of molecules is 6.022*10^23 or …

A

0.6 trillion molecules

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17
Q

how much is 1 coulomb equal to

A

6.24*10^18 molecules

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18
Q

what is the speed of all electromagnetic waves

A

3.0*10^8 m/s

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19
Q

how much is 1 curie equal to

A

37*10^9

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20
Q

the average lightening strike is how many coulobs

A

5

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21
Q

what is the term for how many electrons or charged particles travel from clouds to earth

A

coulombs

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22
Q

what is the peak power of a lightening bolt

A

1 tw

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23
Q

how long does the average lightening bolt last

A

30microseconds

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24
Q

what is the normal range of fasting blood sugar

A

70-99 mg/dl

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25
Q

what is the range for diabestes for blood sugar

A

125 mg/dl

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26
Q

what is the normal fasting blood sugar in mg /dl

A

90mg /dl

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27
Q

what is the diabetic resting blood glucose for diabetic patients in MMOL /L

A

5

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28
Q

What is the function of tryptase

A

an enzyme that can break up proteins , in other words protease

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29
Q

what is anaphalaxsis

A

a sever whole body allergic reaction to triggers

30
Q

which amount of tryptase in the blood serum may indicate anaphylaxisis

A

11.3 ng/ml

31
Q

what kind of cells have tryptase

A

mast cells

32
Q

where are mast cells found

A

in the airways , dermis and intestines

33
Q

what is the function of a logarithmic scale

A

it allows us to get very different things on the same graph

34
Q

what kind of particles are used to transport lipids through the blood stream

A

lipoproteins

35
Q

how many red blood cells are there usually in 1 ml of blood

A

between 4.6- 6 *10^9

36
Q

in a milliliter of blood how many white blood cells are there usually

A

5.0 -10*10^6

37
Q

what are the function of neutrophils

A

in the first line of defense against invading substances

38
Q

what are the function of monocyte

A

when activated ,becomes macrophage which eats bacteria cellular debreis

39
Q

what is the avg diameter of of red blood cells

A

betwen 6 and 8 microns

40
Q

what does the velocity of settling depend on

A

radius squared

41
Q

did einstein help us figure out how fast particle settle

A

yes

42
Q

does a bigger particle fall faster or slower

A

faster

43
Q

during inflammation what can happen to red blood cells

A

they can stick together and form rouleaux

44
Q

does rouleaux or single red blood cells fall faster

A

rouleaux

45
Q

what are extra large red blood cells called

A

macrocytes

46
Q

what did einstein talk about in his dissertation

A

he analyzed the motions of molecules

47
Q

what does ESR mean

A

it is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate

48
Q

what is the normal ESR for red blood cells

A

25 mm/hour

49
Q

what is a higher ESR rate associtated with

A

with infections, inflammation (such as rheumatoid arthritis), certain cancers
(such as multiple myeloma) or other factors

50
Q

can a fast ESR rate make a clear determination of inflammation

A

ESR is only considered a “marker” for inflammation since other information (symptoms,
tests) is needed for a more precise diagnosis.

51
Q

WHY does inflammaiton lead to a higher ESR ?

A

Inflammation lead to higher ESR because where there is more inflammation, there is likely
to be more fibrinogen, which may promote the formation of rouleaux.

52
Q

What are the 3 types of waves

A

light , sounds, mathematical

53
Q

what is the speed of sound waves in air at 20 degrees

A

342 meters / sec

54
Q

what is the speed of light or energy waves

A

300 million meters/ sec

55
Q

how do you calculate the speed of a wave

A

frequency times wavelength

56
Q

what are the units of frequency

A

hertz

57
Q

do all waves travel at the same speed regardless of material

A

no , it depends on the material

58
Q

what is the speed of sound in air

A

340 m/sec

59
Q

what is the speed of sound in water

A

1500 m/sec

60
Q

does the speed of sound increase or decrease or with increasing temperature

A

speed of sound in air increases as temperature increases

61
Q

how are electromagnetic waves different than waves of water

A

The difference is that EM waves consist of oscillating electric fields (not to mention magnetic fields).
This means that they can make electric charges, like electrons, move up and down.

62
Q

can electromagnetic waves make electric charges

A

yeah

63
Q

what is the function of the capillary

A

carries blood to muscle cells

64
Q

how big is the average human blood cell

A

7.8 micro meters

65
Q

what is endothelium

A

the single layer of cells that lines the inside of arteries veins and capillaries

66
Q

diapedesis

A

burrowning between cell that leukocytes do

67
Q

what does macrophage mean in greek

A

the big eater

68
Q

what do macrophages do

A

eat bacteria worn out erythrocytes and LDL

69
Q

what is athrosclerosis

A

hardening of arteries

70
Q

what do macrophages usually start out as

A

monocytes

71
Q

what do macrophages become when they take up lipids

A

foam cells

72
Q

what is apatitie

A

it is a crystal that is high in phosphourus with a tiny bit of uranium . Fission tracks form in it

Biophysics (5 decks)

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