Lecture 3/24 Flashcards
would a deletion on an exon affect a dna fragment size in pcr? how?
it would make the fragment smaller, so the frag would travel further to the pos side
would a point mutation on an exon affect a dna fragment size in pcr? how?
it would not affect the size
maybe put in cards about the globin gene for sickle cell?
is DNA neg or pos charged?
neg
on a gel, are smaller fragments going a longer or shorter distance? to the neg or pos side?
longer distance, to the + side
restriction enzymes are an example of _________
endonucleases
if a WT sample was digested with ecor1 (endonuclease) in the middle how would the DNA frag in PCR be affected?
there would be 2 frags instead of one, and the frags would be smaller than the original WT frag
if a sample with a deletion before the middle was digested with ecor1 (endonuclease) in the middle how would the DNA frag in PCR be affected compared to WT with ecor1?
the top frag would be smaller than in wt bc of the deletion, but the bottom frag wouldn’t be affected
if a sample with a point mutation before the middle was digested with ecor1 (endonuclease) in the middle how would the DNA frag in PCR be affected compared to WT with ecor1?
it would look the same as the wt
if a sample with a deletion in the middle was digested with ecor1 (endonuclease) in the middle how would the DNA frag in PCR be affected compared to WT with ecor1?
there would be only one frag, but slightly smaller than the regular WT frag
does RNA have introns?
no
would a deletion on an intron affect a protein fragment size in northerns? how?
wouldn’t affect frag size unless the mutation affects splicing
would a deletion in a promoter region affect a protein fragment size in northerns? how?
you would see less transcription, so the band would be thinner
what is the minimum number for a population (for studying)?
30
are anthers/stamen male or female organs?
male
are ovules male or female organs?
female and they’re in the ovary
what is true breeding?
lines that produce offspring carrying specific parental characteristics that remain constant from generation to generation
what is P0?
parental generation
what is F1?
first generation
what is an allele?
the alternative possibilities of inheritance for a gene
do all genes have 2 alleles?
no – eyes, height, etc.
what carries only one allele for each inherited trait?
gametes (egg or sperm)
what is the law of segregation?
2 alleles for each trait separate during gamete formation; 2 alleles will then unite randomly, one from each parent, during fertilization
what is the genotypic ratio of 2 heterozygotes?
1:2:1
what is the phenotypic ratio of 2 heterozygotes?
3:1
what is the product rule?
probability of two independent events occurring together is the product of their individual probabilities
what is the sum rule?
probability of either of two mutually exclusive events occurring is the sum of their individual probabilities
in a Y/g X Y/g cross, what is the probability of getting Y/Y in F1?
1/2 probability of getting Y from father; 1/2 probability of getting Y from mother. 1/2x1/2 = 1/4
what is a test cross?
a way to establish a GT, phenotype of heterozygote establishes dominance
what GT must be present in a testcross?
a truebreeding recessive
what is the phenotypic pattern of F2 of true breeding plants (homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive) with 2 genes of interest?
9:3:3:1
the law of independent assortment holds true if gene are on different __________ or are ______________________ to allow _________
chromosomes or are far apart on the same chromosome to allow high levels of recombination
how are genes/traits on different chromosomes notated?
they are separated by a semi colon
how do you calculate the possible number of gamete genotypes from a hybrid?
raise 2 to the power of the number of different traits (ie Aa Bb Cc Dd = 2^4 = 16 kinds of gametes (Punnett would be 16x16)
what is an easier way than setting up punnett squares with multiple traits?
breaking it down into independently assorting monohybrid crosses
what’s the probability of getting a yellow wrinkled pea from a YgRwxYgRw cross?
probability of getting yellow = 3/4, probability of getting wrinkled is 1/4. 1/4x3/4 = 3/16
if parental plants are true breeding and A is dominant to B, what are the results of the breeding?
all plant A
if plant A x plant B cross yields 1/2 plant A and 1/2 plant B, what does that tell us about parental GT?
one parental plant true-breeding
one parental plant heterozygous
if plant A x plant A cross yields 3/4 plant A, 1/4 plant B, what does that tell us about parental GT?
both parental plants are het and A is dominant to B
if leaf A, root A x leaf B, root B yields all leaf A, root A, what does that tell us about parental GT?
parents true-breeding for leaf and root
traits and
leaf A dominant to leaf B
root A dominant to root B
if a leaf A, root A x leaf A, root A cross leads to 9/16 leaf A, root A
3/16 leaf A, root B
3/16 leaf B, root A
1/16 leaf B, root B
what does that tell us about parental GT?
both parents are het for leaf and root traits
if leaf A, root A x leaf A, root A cross yields
¾ leaf A, root A
¼ leaf B, root A
what does that tell us about parental GT?
parent plants are true breeding for root traits and het for leaf traits
can probability exceed 1?
no
