Lecture 3 Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeleton?
Support, Movement/leverage, Protects major organs, Storage for minerals, Red blood cells form in marrow
Red blood cells are needed for growth.
What are the two types of bone tissue?
Compact and Cancellous (trabecular)
Both types have the same material but different structures.
What are the characteristics of compact bone?
Strong, Transmits force in one direction.
What are the characteristics of cancellous bone?
Light/spongey, Shock absorbing, Resists and channels force from multiple directions, Found at the ends of long bones.
What defines long bones?
Longer than wide, Wider epiphysis and long thin diaphysis, Usually found in limbs, Levers for movements.
What defines short bones?
Close to equal length and width, Mostly cancellous bone, Found mainly in hands and feet, Absorbs lots of shock.
What are flat bones primarily used for?
Muscle attachment and protection
Examples include the scapula, skull, sternum, and ribs.
What characterizes irregular bones?
Don’t fit into other categories, Various shapes and functions, Not long or round, Example: vertebrae.
What comprises the axial skeleton?
Skull, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
Protects vital organs and is mostly flat.
What comprises the appendicular skeleton?
Bones of limbs
Help with movement and are mostly long.
What is the function of the cranium?
Encloses brain, Protects and supports sensory organs.
What is the structure of the vertebral column?
Keeps trunk upright, Supports head, Lots of muscle attachments.
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7.
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12.
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5.
What is the rib cage also known as?
Thoracic cage.
How many pairs of ribs are there?
12 pairs.
What is the structure of limb bones?
One proximal bone (humerus/femur), Two distal bones (radius, ulna/tibia, fibula).
What is the reason for the shape of limbs in bipedalism?
Stability for movement, Flexibility in arms, Adaptation for manipulation of the environment.
What is the structure of the pelvic girdle?
Hips, Sacrum, Os coxae
Creates pelvis for weight bearing.
What are the three bones that each hip is made of when young?
Ilium, Pubis, Ischium.
What is sexual dimorphism in the pelvic structure related to?
Childbirth, Maximizing space in pelvic cavity.
What are the characteristics of the pelvic cavity in females?
More circular, Larger pelvic outlet, Larger subpubic angle.
