Lecture 2 Flashcards
What does homeostasis mean?
Staying the same
Homeostasis underpins normal functions and maintains healthy conditions.
What are controlled variables in homeostasis?
- Temperature
- Ion concentration
- Blood glucose levels
- Fluid balance
These variables should not change too much to maintain health.
What is feedback in the context of homeostasis?
Used to bring a variable back to normal when the control variable changes outside of the ideal range
Feedback mechanisms are essential for maintaining homeostasis.
What does feed forward refer to?
When a change is anticipated, used to minimize effect
This concept helps in preparing the body for expected changes.
What is the anatomical position?
Upright, face forwards, feet together, palms forward
This standard position is used for anatomical terminology.
What does the term ‘posterior’ refer to?
Back
In anatomical terminology, ‘posterior’ is also known as ‘dorsal.’
What does ‘anterior’ mean?
Front
In anatomical terminology, ‘anterior’ is also known as ‘ventral.’
What does ‘superior’ indicate in anatomical terms?
Closer to the head
This term is used to describe relative positions in the body.
What is the meaning of ‘inferior’?
Closer to the feet
This term is used to describe relative positions in the body.
What does ‘medial’ refer to?
Towards the middle
Medial is used to describe the position relative to the midline of the body.
What does ‘lateral’ mean?
Closer to the outside
Lateral describes positions further away from the midline.
What is the definition of ‘proximal’?
Closer to the joint (hip/shoulder)
Proximal is used in anatomical terms to describe relative positions.
What does ‘distal’ mean?
Further from the joint
Distal is used to describe positions away from the point of attachment.
What does ‘superficial’ indicate?
Closer to the surface (skin)
This term is used in anatomical terminology to describe depth.
What does ‘deep’ refer to?
Further from the surface
Deep is used to describe positions that are not close to the skin.
What is the coronal plane?
Splits between anterior and posterior (front and back)
This plane is important for understanding body orientation.
What does the sagittal plane do?
Splits between left and right
The sagittal plane is key for understanding lateral movements.
What does the transverse plane split?
On the x-axis (up and down)
This plane is crucial for understanding rotational movements.
What type of movement occurs in the sagittal plane?
Back and forth
Sagittal movements include flexion and extension.
What is flexion?
Decreases angles between body parts
Flexion brings fleshy parts of the body closer together.
What does extension do?
Increases angle between body parts
Extension moves fleshy parts away from each other.
What is dorsiflexion?
Toes up
Dorsiflexion is a specific movement of the foot.
What is plantarflexion?
Toes down towards the ground
Plantarflexion is the opposite of dorsiflexion.
What does abduction mean?
Moves limb away from the body (lateral)
Abduction is a movement that occurs in the coronal plane.
