Lecture #3

Question 1

Demography

Answer 1

statistical study of populations

Question 2

Panmixia

Answer 2

random mating

Question 3

IBD

Answer 3

isolation by distance

Question 4

Aspects of successful dispersal

Answer 4

Spawning output, timing, and place

Current strength and direction varies

Larval traits impact how many larvae successfully disperse to a certain location

Settlement habitat availability and post-settlement survival

Individuals must be able to move to a new habitat (DISPERSE) AND be able to live and reproduce

Ability to migrate among populations and live and reproduce in these populations

Genotypes among populations are similar and FST values are small

Question 5

What does a smaller dispersal mean?

Answer 5

a larger Fst (meaning that populations are poorly connected)

Question 6

Dispersal Kernel

Answer 6

frequency or magnitude (Y-axis) vs. distance or geography (latitude on X-axis); where (the mean) and how far (variation) individuals disperse

Question 7

Abiotic factors impacting larval dispersal

Answer 7

temperature, currents, wind-driven turbulence

Question 8

Primary Point

Answer 8

successful dispersal can supply individuals to a competitive location so that their population size is not eliminated; even if the species is losing in competition, as long as it has a source of larvae, it can persist in the community

Question 9

Factors for dispersal spread and pattern

Answer 9

Pelagic duration

Larval feeding

Larval behavior

Adult spawning behavior (including timing and location)

Oceanographic conditions

Habitat patchiness (areas where organism can live are not evenly distributed)

Selection for or against immigrants and migration

Populations with higher rates of reproduction

Question 10

Genetic Drift

Answer 10

random, unequal reproduction among adults

Question 11

Allele Frequencies

Answer 11

two or more alternative forms of a gene that are found at the same locus (point on a chromosome)

Question 12

Advantages of using genes

Answer 12

quantitative traits we can measure, everything has genes, ability to isolate DNA means you can look at population genetics

Question 13

Fst of species with smaller dispersal kernels

Answer 13

likely to have larger Fst (because there is LESS genetic dispersal, so populations that are farther away are more likely to be genetically different)

Question 14

Fst of species with larger dispersal kernels

Answer 14

likely to have smaller FST (because there is MORE genetic dispersal between populations and thus more overlap)