lecture 3

Question 1

osmotic equilibrium

Answer 1

water levels are equal through the body

Question 2

how does age and sex affect water content

Answer 2

as everyone ages, water in body decreases faster for women than men

Question 3

molarity

Answer 3

mols/L

Question 4

molality

Answer 4

mols/kg

Question 5

osmotic pressure

Answer 5

the minimum pressure that must be applied to a solution to halt the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane

Question 6

tonicity

Answer 6

a measure of how a solution affects the volume of cells by changing their water content

Question 7

rules for determining osmolarity and tonicity of soln

Answer 7

assume all solutes are non penetrating

compare osmolarities before cell is exposed to the soon

determine tonicity by comparing nonpenetrating solute concentrations in the cell and the solution.

Question 8

hyposmotic solutions are

Answer 8

are always hypotonic

Question 9

bulk flow vs solute movement

Question 10

diffusion in a simple membrane

Answer 10

particles move until equal number of collisions on both side of barrier is reached

Question 11

diffusion in a biological membrane

Answer 11

decided by required concentration gradients and proteins

Question 12

movement through channels

Question 13

gated channels

Answer 13

chemically gated
voltage gated
mechanically gated

Question 14

open channels

Answer 14

leak channels
pores

Question 15

movement on facilitated diffusion

Answer 15

amplified simple diffusion no energy used here but step above

Question 16

active transport carriers

Answer 16

energy used

Question 17

phagocytosis

Answer 17

consumption and destruction of large particles

Question 18

endocytosis

Answer 18

engulfing of particles

Question 19

exocytosis

Answer 19

excretion of waste and particles

Question 20

transcellular transport

Answer 20

through cells themselves–must cross 2 membranes

Question 21

what do transcellular cells combine

Answer 21

active and passive transport mechanisms
\

Question 22

paracellular transport

Question 23

transcytosis

Answer 23

combination of endocytosis, vesicular transport, and exocytosis

REQUIRES ENERGY

Question 24

resting potential difference

Question 25

ion permeability

Answer 25

change depends on concentration of ions across membrane

Question 26

insulin secretion

Answer 26

dependent on integration of transporters, ion channels and exocytosis

Question 27

multiple steps of insulin secretion

Answer 27

glucose eneters cell throguh GLUT transporter

increased glucose metabolism leads to increased atp

more atp causes ATP- gated K channels to close

K remains in cell to lead membrane depolarization

depolarization leads to voltage-gated Ca channels opening

Ca influx is signal for insulin filled vesicles to merge with membrane