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bio201 > lecture 2 > Flashcards

lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

major body cavities

A

cranial
thoracic
abdominopelvic

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2
Q

fluid filled compartments

A

circulatory system
eyes
cerebrospinal fluid
pleural and pericardial sacs

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3
Q

three fluid compartments

A

plasma
interstitial fluid
intracellular fluid

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4
Q

four cell membrane functions

A

physical isolation
regulation of exchange with the environment
communication btw cell and environment
structural support

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5
Q

fluid mosiac model

A

see diagram

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6
Q

organization of typical animal cell

A

see diagram

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7
Q

cytosol

A

fluid portion of cytoplasm

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8
Q

inclusions

A

lipid droplets
glycogen granules
ribosomes

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9
Q

protein fibers

A

cytoskeleton
centrioles
cilia
flagella

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10
Q

organelles

A

mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi
lysosomes
peroxisomes

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11
Q

microfilaments

A

actin fibers

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12
Q

intermediate filaments

A

keratin
neurofilaments

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13
Q

microtubules

A

tubulin

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14
Q

actin

A

associates with myosin for muscle contraction

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15
Q

keratin

A

hair and nails, protective barrier of skin

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16
Q

tubulin

A

movement of cilia, flagella , and chromosomes, intracellular transport of organelles, cytoskeleton

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17
Q

five major functions of cytoskeleton

A

cell shape
internal organization
intracellular transport
assembly of cells into tissues
movement

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18
Q

why must protein assembly happen in seperate compartments?

A

must protect DNA so assembly of proteins has to happen outside of nucleus

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19
Q

extracellular matrix structures

A

synthesized and secreted by cells, composed of proteoglycans, insoluble protein fibers

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20
Q

7 main categories of connective tissue

A

loose connective tissue
dense irregular connective tissue
dense regular connective tissue
adipose
blood
cartilage
bone

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21
Q

pluripotent

A

cells can become anything except go back from placental

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22
Q

totipotent

A

cells can become ANYTHING

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23
Q

multipotent

A

cells can pursue multiple routes but not all

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24
Q

hollow organs

A

heart, lungs, blood vessels, intestines

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25
Q

lumen

A

interior of any hollow organ

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26
Q

extracellular fluid

A

plasma, interstitial fluid

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27
Q

intracellular fluid

A

just intracellular fluid

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28
Q

lipids

A

phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol

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29
Q

Phospholipid structures in aqueous (solvent = water) solutions

A

Bilayer, micelle, liposome

30
Q

what are lipid rafts made of

A

sphingolipids and lipid anchored proteins

31
Q

differentiation

A

selected genes are active to lead to specialized cell

32
Q

centrosome

A

assembles tubulin monomers into microtubules

33
Q

centrioles

A

direct DNA movement in cell division

34
Q

cilia

A

fluid movement across cells

35
Q

flagella

A

cell movement through fluid

36
Q

myosins

A

muscle contraction

37
Q

dyneins

A

movement of cilia and flagella

38
Q

kinesins AND dyneins

A

movement of vesicles along microtubules

39
Q

lysosomes

A

break down bacteria and old organelles

40
Q

peroxisomes

A

break down fatty acids and toxic materials

41
Q

golgi apparatus

A

sorts, modifies, and packages proteins into vesicles

42
Q

rough ER

A

synthesis of proteins

43
Q

smooth ER

A

synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, lipids

44
Q

nuclear envelope

A

two membranes with pores

45
Q

chromatin

A

DNA and associated proteins

46
Q

nucleoli

A

control synthesis of rRNA

47
Q

histology

A

study of tissue structure and function

48
Q

extracellular matrix

A

synthesized and secrete by cells
composition varies from tissue to tissue

49
Q

proteoglycans

A

glycoproteins

50
Q

insoluble protein fibers

A

collagen, fibronectin, laminin

51
Q

cell adhesion molecules

A

membrane spanning proteins

52
Q

gap junctions

A

communicating junctions

53
Q

tight junctions

A

occluding junctions anchoring junctions

54
Q

cell matrix with integrins

A

hemidesmosomes, focal adhesions

55
Q

cell-cell

A

with cadherens

56
Q

exchange epithelium

A

very thin, flattened cells that allow gas exchange

57
Q

what do exchange epithelium line

A

blood vessels and lungs

58
Q

what are exchange epithelium classified as

A

simple squamous epithelium

59
Q

what is exchange epithelium call in the heart and blood vessels

A

endothelium

60
Q

transporting epithelium

A

cell shape– cuboidal columnar, many mitochondria, can be regulated to respond to stimuli

61
Q

basolateral membrane

A

faces ECM

62
Q

cilia

A

move fluid and particles in respiratory system and female reproductive tract

63
Q

protective epithelia

A

prevent exchange

64
Q

what do protective epithelia protect

A

areas subject to mechanical and chemical stress

65
Q

exo:endo function of pancreas

A

98:2

66
Q

secretory epithelia

A

produce and secrete a substance into the extracellular space

67
Q

exocrine glands

A

release products into external environment

68
Q

goblet cells

A

single exocrine cells that produce mucus

69
Q

endocrine glands

A

release hormones into extracellular compartments

70
Q
A

bio201 (6 decks)

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