lecture 3 Flashcards
NATS 1530 lecture 3 material
What did the chinese space agency achieve?
- has got a rover on the moon (for 6 years)
- has got a rover on the mars (for 2 years)
- launched human into space in 2003 (third nation to do so)
- yang lui
- senior administrator
- space capsules are very cramped
- rocket launchers (1970-)
- they get bigger/taller over time
- more fuel
- more complicated with boosters
- less cramped
- more power
- they get bigger/taller over time
What is rocket lab achieving?
- pecializing in lofting small satellites into low earth orbit
- 53 times in last 8 years
- growing economy in low-earth orbit
- pharmaceutical companies developing new drugs in low earth orbit
- space communication
- internet satellite relays
- space tourism
- successfully launched from new Zealand and Virginia (wallops)
- modest size; 300kg of payload ($5million)
- gets things up there within a couple weeks to a couple months
- rockets tend to launch east(direction of earths rotation)
- attempt to fly from as close to the equator (faster)
- want to make rockets more reusable like an airplane
- more cost and environmentally friendly
What did Da-Vinci do other than paint?
- Da vinci had a flying machine; basically wings (didnt work)
- also basically developed a helicopter (aerial screw)
- the idea of a helicopter
- the main point is that ideas are powerful
- and putting them into “practice” is good
- also basically developed a helicopter (aerial screw)
What did Johannes Kepler do? Why was he so well known?
- stronomical theoriction
- planets orbit sun
- wrote a science fiction book called “the somnium”
- depicted how earth would look from the moon
- was imaginative but its where people began to think about leaving earths atmosphere
- was innovative for space exploration
important that humans were “engineering” ways of flight
- hot air balloons (montgolfier brothers)
- trapping enough hot air will generate lift
- density of that package of air would become lower than surrounding air if u heat it
- alternatives without heat
- hydrogen and helium; flammable or not common
What/when was the first reported rocket used?
- the first reported rocket was around the 10th century in china (fire arrow; device that uses gunpowder and launches an arrow)
- allows for significant amount of thrust in one direction (the arrow)
- use in the military
What did conrad haas recognize?
- reported a variety of rocket techniques that referenced multi-stage rocket systems and fuel
- first to conclude that instead of one stage rocket, you can strap things together
- able to launch things further
- he recognized fuel doesnt need to be solid
- was pre-newton (16th century)
William Moore
first person to utilize Newtons work of rocketry for warfare
- to explain rocket dynamics
person thinking about work that can be utilized for space flight
What did william Leitch propose?
- proposed using rockets to achieve human space flight in 1861 instead of just within the atmosphere
- a book was made about his work
- correctly used newtons law, but not as thorough as it should have been
- good because a person recognized we can use math and experiments to take us to space
Who was Jules Garbiel Verne (18th century)
- french novelist
- significant influence on people/readers thinking about space flight + future
- really made people interested in spaceflight
- huge following
- many of his books have been turned into movies
- never utlized any known works about rock propulsion
- wrote about putting 3 individuals into a very big canon, and launched them at the moon
Who was Herbert George Wells (18th-19th century)
- english novelist
- Shakespeare of fiction
- his books also became movies
- book - men on the moon
- inhabitants on the moon
- got people on moon by inverting gravity
- basically good that the idea of space travel is more common
- got people interested in it
- basically good that the idea of space travel is more common
Who was Orsen Welles (1938)
- war of the worlds
- broadcasted a reenactment of Herbert wells on halloween eve
- alien invasion
- many people believed it was real and started calling 911
- many people had radios during this time
Who were the founders of modern rocketry
Russian
- konstanitin Tsiolkovsky
Chinese
- qian xuesen
German
- hermann oberth, fritz von open, wernger von braun
american
- H. Goddard
What are the 3 major components of a rocket?
Fuel (liquid or solid), rocket body, and payload (stages)
How does the fuel contribute to the rocket?
- generates thrust and allows rocket to move
- controlled explosion
- exhaust speed is a characteristic of fuel
- constant 2,500m/s
How does the rocket body contribute to the rocket?
structure holding the fuel, engines, and guidance
How does the payload (stages) contribute to the rocket?
- a satellite/people are delivered to orbit; main purpose
- 3% of total mass of rocket
- more stages you use = greater speed of payload
- staging allows us to discard unnecessary mass that is not needed for a flight into orbit (rocket structure)
- allows for faster speed
- basically legos
- lets go of stages to lighten rocket
- one part of the rocket fire before another
- so cumulative thrust is what gets the rocket into orbit
- serial, parallel, hot and mixed
Types of rocket payloads (staging)
serial staging
- stages are stacked
- first stage fires then seperates
- second stage fires once first is done
- so on and so on until reaches rocket body
hot staging
- first stage hasnt completely finished the job
- causes second stage to fire up while first stage still attached
parallel staging
- what space shuttle used
- main tank fed engines on orbiter
- needed extra boost
- solid rocket motors that was on side of main tank (booosters), and main engine fired to get shuttle of launch pad
- once they were done, boosters were detached
stage and half staging
- only one burned to get payload into orbit
- around sustainer engine was a booter stage with 3 extra engines
- all 3 engines would fire to get rocket off launch pad
- once first or half stage was done, it fell
Who are the Wright brothers, and what did they do?
first sustained and controlled powered flight for a heavier than air machine occurred on Decemeber 17, 1903
- north carolina
- little public interest
- they were bike manufacturers
plane had:
- large wingspan
- 4 flights this day
- able to generate speed by biking
- never got higher than a few meters
- NASA named mars drone after them
Who was robery Esnault Pelterie?
- 1913
- published rocket equation
- did not derive it from kepler
- advocated for rocket development
- 1931 experimented with rocket propulsion
Who was Hutchings Goddard
- rocket engineer
- founders of modern rocketry
- explored solid/liquid fuel designs
- first solid fuel rocket in 1915; energy efficient
- none of his rockets actually made it to space; lack of resources
- realized advantages to ion propulsion, but not practical for atmosphere
- journalists ridiculed his work; apologized years later
Who was hermann oberth?
- wrote extensively about spaceflight
- worked with max veller in 1929
- opel-RAK 1 was worlds first rocket powered plane (1929)
- experimented with liquid fueled rockets
- during ww2
- made rockets (forced) to kill others in london
- recruited by NASA after
- groundbreaking stuff
- controversy of plagiarism of goddard
