Lecture 3

Question 1

Atlantic Cod

Answer 1

high fecundity and mortality rates but low survival rates

Question 2

elephants

Answer 2

Low reproductive rates but more offspring that survives

Question 3

why do atlantic cod not survive past their first year

Answer 3

eggs are not protected, predators, food source for marine creatures, only 2 eggs survive per millions

Question 4

Excess fucundity

Answer 4

if an average pair in a population produce less than 2 offspring the population will go extinct, vice versa

Question 5

elephants reproduction

Answer 5

slowest breeders, begin when they’re 30 until they’re 90, bringing forth 6 young in the interval

Question 6

excess fecundity results in

Answer 6

competition to survive and reproduce and expansion is limited

Question 7

Above an organism in an ecological food chain

Answer 7

predators and parasites seeking to feed off it

Question 8

Below an organism in an ecological food chain

Answer 8

food resources it must consume to stay alive

Question 9

who do organisms scompete with the most

Answer 9

other organisms of their own species because they have the most similar ecological needs of its own

Question 10

4 conditions to natural selection

Answer 10

Reproduction, heredity, variation in individual characters and variation in the fitnessre

Question 11

production

Answer 11

entities must reproduce to form a new generation

Question 12

heredity

Answer 12

the offspring must tend to resemble their parents: like must produce like

Question 13

variation in individual characters

Answer 13

among members of the population

Question 14

variation in the fitness

Answer 14

of organisms according to the state they have for a heritable character

Question 15

Fitness

Answer 15

the average number of offspring left by an individual relative to the number of offspring left by an average member of the population

Question 16

Preconditions for natural selection

Answer 16

excess fecundity and consequent competition to survive

Question 17

what can’t reproduce by natural selection

Answer 17

planets and entities that reproduce but in which parental characters are not inherited by their offspring

Question 18

HIV

Answer 18

reverse transcriptase binds to c in dna but 3TC is a antibiotic that tricks reverse transcriptase to bind to instead, untli HIV found another way to bind to c and ignore 3TC

Question 19

Evolution of HIV

Answer 19

1. the virus reproduces
2. the ability to resist drugs is inherited because the ability is due to a genetic change in the virus
3. the viral population within one human body shows genetic variation in drug resistance ability
4. the different forms of HIV have different fitnesses